161 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 R. C. D’Amato et al. (eds.), Understanding the Biological Basis of Behavior, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59162-5_7 Chapter 7 Qualitative Research-Based Interventions for Clinical Neuropsychology Practice Mary (Rina) M. Chittooran and Gertina J. van Schalkwyk Learning Objectives • To provide a rationale for qualitative research-based interventions in clinical neuropsychology. • To identify applications of qualitative research designs to clinical neuropsychology. • To describe the relationship between qualitative assessments and clinical neuro- psychology interventions. • To describe qualitative research-based interventions in clinical neuropsychology. • To discuss multicultural considerations for assessment and intervention in clini- cal neuropsychology. • To discuss implications for present and future professional practice. Introduction Clinical neuropsychology “is an applied science concerned with the behavioral expression of brain dysfunction” (Lezak, 1995, p. 7); that is, the primary focus of this discipline is the biological basis of behavior (Lezak et al., 2012), sometimes referred to as brain-behavior relationships. Interventions in clinical M. M. Chittooran (*) School of Education, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA e-mail: mary.chittooran@slu.edu G. J. van Schalkwyk Department of Psychology, University of Macau, (Retired Head of Department), Macao, Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR), People’s Republic of China