Received: 18 December 2023 Revised: 27 June 2024 Accepted: 28 June 2024
DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12532
RESEARCH ARTICLE
An exploration of counselors of color working in the eating
disorder field
Amy Biang
1
Clare Merlin-Knoblich
2
Jae Hoon Lim
3
1
Department of Educational Psychology, Northern
Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
2
Department of Counseling, University of North
Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina,
USA
3
Department of Educational Leadership,
University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Correspondence
Amy Biang, 15451 N 28th Ave, Phoenix, AZ
85053, USA.
Email: amy.biang@nau.edu
Funding information
Association for Counselor Education and
Supervision
Abstract
Among eating disorder (ED) professionals, counselors of color (COCs) are under-
represented. Given the prevalence of EDs among people of all racial and ethnic
backgrounds, as well as the low number of COCs working in the profession and
its problematic implications, this study is warranted to include the experiences
of COCs in EDs and understand how to grow the specialty with counselors of
all backgrounds. In this study, we interviewed 10 COCs and analyzed transcripts
using a post-intentional phenomenological design. Tentative manifestations of
unprepared, isolating spaces, unspoken knowing, and exhaustion, as well as
provocations of cultural inclusion, changemaker, and vulnerability, emerged. We
present implications, limitations, and research considerations.
KEYWORDS
counselors of color, diversity, eating disorders
INTRODUCTION
In the United States, eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent
among people of all races and ethnicities (Sonneville &
Lipson, 2018). What was once considered an illness only
affecting skinny, White, affluent girls has become entrenched
among people of all sizes, races, socioeconomic classes, and
genders (Qian et al., 2022; Sonneville & Lipson, 2018).
Despite the increase in racial diversity in ED presentations,
among professionals who treat EDs, counselors of color
(COCs) are underrepresented (Jennings Mathis et al., 2020).
Instead, the ED profession is primarily composed of White
professionals (Jennings Mathis et al., 2020; Lundgren, 2022).
This predominance of White professionals often creates chal-
lenging work environments for COCs (Cheng & Merrick,
2017; Jennings Mathis et al., 2020; Lundgren, 2022; Wong
et al., 2014) as White invisibility hinders counselors and
researchers from recognizing oppression, workplace stres-
sors, and gaps in culturally appropriate treatment that occur in
the ED field (Jennings Mathis et al., 2020; Lundgren, 2022).
Moreover, with fewer COCs available to treat clients of color,
the likelihood of racial matching emerging is slim (Jennings
Mathis et al., 2020).
© 2024 by the American Counseling Association.
Racial matching
Racial matching is a way to potentially reduce mental health
disparities for racial and ethnic minorities by having access
to helping professionals from the same racial/ethnic group
(Meyer & Zane, 2013). As clients seek counseling, some
want to match with a counselor who speaks their native
language (Cheng & Merrick, 2017) or is racially matched
(Meyer & Zane, 2013). COCs offer clients of color access
to treatment with a similar counselor regarding intersectional
attributes such as gender, race, or cultural beliefs (Meyer &
Zane, 2013; Steinfeldt et al., 2020). Furthermore, researchers
have found favorable outcomes with racial matching for
African American, Asian American (Meyer & Zane, 2013;
Steinfeldt et al., 2020), and Latine clients in counseling
(Reyes-Rodriguez et al., 2014). These outcomes include pos-
itive treatment engagement, retention (Meyer & Zane, 2013),
number of sessions attended, and improved Global Assess-
ment of Functioning (GAF) scores (Kim & Kang, 2018).
Without many COCs in EDs, however, most racially and
ethnically diverse ED clients lack the option to experience
racial matching with their counselor (Jennings Mathis et al.,
2020).
J Couns Dev. 2024;1–13. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jcad 1