Synthetic Metals, 55-57 (1993) 1221-1226 122 1
THE ROUTES TOWARDS PROCESSIBLE AND STABLE
CONDUCTING POLY(THIOPHENE)S
O. PEI, 0. INGANJi, S, G. GUSTAFSSON$ AND M. GRANSTROM
Laboratory of Applied Physics, Dept. of Physics, IFM, LinkSping University,
S-581 83, Link6ping, Sweden
SUNIAX Corp., 5357 Overpass Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93111, USA
M. ANDERSSON, T. HJERTBERG£ AND O. WENNERSTROM
Dept. of Organic Chem. and £Polymer Techn., Chalmers University of Technology
S-412 96, GSteborg, Sweden
J.E. OSTERHOLM, J. LAAKSO AND H. J,i~RVINEN
Neste Oy Research Center, Kulloo, SF-06850, Finland
ABSTRACT
The underlying nature of the thermal instability of doped poly(3-
alkylthiophene)s, a fatal problem for their application, is discussed. The so-called
"thermal undoping" is attributed to interactions due to steric hindrance of the long
flexible side chains, which twist the conjugated main chain and kick out the
dopants. Thus the routes to suppress thermal undoping are to avoid or alleviate the
side chain interactions by separating the side chains from each other, or from the
main chains, and also leaving space around the main chains to accommodate
dopants. Accordingly, poly(3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene), random copolymers of 3-
methylthiophene and 3-octylthiophene, and regular copolymers of thiophene and 3-
octylthiophene are prepared. Thermal undoping is significantly suppressed in
these polymers. Some of these polymers are soluble and fusible in the neutral state.
After doping they become highly conductive, yet remain stable even at elevated
temperatures. Thermochromism, solvatochromism and thermal undoping are
thus all related to side chain mobility.
INTRODUCTION
Conducting polymers are usually intractable due to the rigid conjugated
main chains. Many efforts have been made in the search for processible
conducting polymers[l]. One major advance in recent years is the solubilization of
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