Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(1): 29-36, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/azb.2020.080105
Additions to the List of Polypores to India
Brij Bala, Avneet Pal Singh
*
, Gurpaul Singh Dhingra
Department of Botany, Punjabi University, India
Received October 31, 2019; Revised December 11, 2019; Accepted December 17, 2019
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Abstract Five species of the pileate polypore fungi,
Ganoderma ungulatum (Polyporales, Ganodermataceae),
Gloeophyllum odoratum (Gloeophyllales,
Gloeophyllaceae) Heterobasidion abietinum (Russulales,
Bondarzewiaceae), Osmoporus mexicanus
(Gloeophyllales, Gloeophyllaceae) and Oxyporus ravidus
(Hymenochaetales, Schizoporaceae) are described and
illustrated on the basis of basidiocarps collected during the
rainy season of years 2015-2017 from different parts of
Doda district (Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir,
India). Of these, the first four species are being described
and illustrated for the first time from India, whereas
Oxyporus ravidus is a new record for Union Territory of
Jammu and Kashmir. Being the key wood decayers, these
fungi grow in association with both broad-leaved as well as
conifer tree species. Of the species described, the
basidiocarps of Ganoderma ungulatum were collected
from Quercus sp., whereas rest of the four species were
growing in association with gymnospermous wood.
Among the five species described presently,
Heterobasidion abietinum is a host specific polypore that
grows only in association with wood of Abies spp. These
polypores are responsible for different types of rot and play
a significant role in the recycling of different types of
material. Of the described species, Ganoderma ungulatum
Heterobasidion abietinum and Oxyporus ravidus are
reported to cause white rot whereas Gloeophyllum
odoratum and Osmoporus mexicanus are responsible for
brown rot.
Keywords Basidiomycota, Poroid Fungi, White Rot,
Brown Rot, North Western Himalaya
1. Introduction
Polypores (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) are
characteristic in having annual to perennial, resupinate to
effused-reflexed to pileate, sessile to stipitate basidiocarps.
These fungi have unilateral hymenium organized inside
tubes which open through pores that can be circular,
angular, daedaleoid, lamellate or irregular. In case of
pileate members the pilear surface can be smooth,
tuberculate, warted, scrupose, tomentose, velutinate,
hirsute, hispid, etc. The colour of hymenial and
abhymenial surfaces varies from whitish to some shades of
yellow, orange, grey, violet, blue or red. These fungi play
significant role in the forest ecosystem because of their
ability to secrete lignin and cellulose degrading enzymes.
Besides their role in recycling of carbon, some of these
fungi have also been used in the traditional medicinal
system [1].
Jammu division of Union Territory of Jammu and
Kashmir, the area under investigation of the present studies,
offers a wide range of variation in altitude and climate. The
division has about 45.89 % of its geographical area under
forest cover. The vegetation can be broadly categorized
into subtropical dry evergreen forests (dominated by
Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus sp.,
Dendrocalamus strictus etc.), sub-tropical pine forests
(mainly Pinus roxburghii), Himalayan dry temperate
forests (Abies pindrow, Acer sp. Aesculus indicus, Cedrus
deodara, Juglans regia, etc.), Himalayan moist temperate
forests (Abies pindrow, Cedrus deodara, Pinus
wallichiana, Picea smithiana etc.), subalpine forests
(Abies pindrow, Populus ciliata, Betula utilis,
Rhododendron spp., Quercus spp. etc.) and alpine
vegetation (Berberis spp., Geranium, Lonicera, etc.). The
variation in altitude, vegetation and climate offer ideal set
of conditions for the growth of polypore fungi. The
previous workers reported 40 species of the polypore fungi
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] from Jammu and Kashmir.
Keeping in view the variation in geography and climate;
diversity of the tree species and few polypore species
reported, the present studies were proposed and the
localities of Jammu division were surveyed for the
collection of polypore basidiocarps. Presently five
polypore species i.e. Ganoderma ungulatum J.D. Zhao &
X.Q. Zhang, Gloeophyllum odoratum (Wulfen) Imazeki,
Heterobasidion abietinum Niemelä & Korhonen,
Osmoporus mexicanum (Mont.) Y.C. Dai & S.H. He, are