1 SCIENTIFIC DATA | (2025) 12:553 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04879-z www.nature.com/scientificdata Electrooculography Dataset for Objective Spatial Navigation Assessment in Healthy Participants Mobina Zibandehpoor, Fatemeh Alizadehziri, Arash Abbasi Larki, Sobhan Teymouri & Mehdi Delrobaei ✉ In the quest for understanding human executive function, eye movements represent a unique insight into how we process and comprehend our environment. Eye movements reveal patterns in how we focus, navigate, and make decisions across various contexts. The proposed dataset includes electrooculography (EOG) signals from 27 healthy subjects, capturing both vertical and horizontal eye movements. The recorded signals were obtained during the video-watching stage of the Leiden Navigation Test, designed to assess spatial navigation abilities. In addition to other data, the dataset includes scores from the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Wayfinding Questionnaire. The dataset comprises carefully curated components, including relevant information, the Mini-Mental State Examination scores, and the Wayfinding Questionnaire scores, encompassing navigation, orientation, distance estimation, spatial anxiety, as well as raw and processed EOG signals. These assessments contribute more information about the participants’ cognitive function and navigational abilities. This dataset can be valuable for researchers investigating spatial navigation abilities through EOG signal analysis. Background & Summary Executive functions constitute fundamental cognitive mechanisms encompassing working memory, cogni- tive flexibility, and inhibitory control processes. ese operations facilitate strategic planning, goal-directed behavior, and adaptive responses to novel situations, particularly in spatial navigation, highlighting the complex interplay between cognitive control and environmental interaction 1,2 . e multidimensional nature of spatial navigation integrates positional awareness, spatial orientation mechanisms, and strategic route planning capa- bilities. Empirical evidence demonstrates strong correlations between psychometric assessments and perfor- mance in dynamic spatial navigation tasks 3–6 . ese competencies extend beyond daily activities to specialized domains, as evidenced by research on athletic performance where cognitive mapping abilities influence motor coordination 7–9 . Spatial navigation proficiency, encompassing both cognitive mapping abilities and the utilization of external aids, influences psychological well-being and spatial anxiety management 10 . Its assessment serves as a crucial diagnostic tool, particularly for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, where directional perception deficits manifest early 11 . Current evaluation methodologies include eye tracking systems 12 , elec- trooculography (EOG) 13 , electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring 14 , and virtual navigation paradigms 15,16 . Additionally, gamified tools like Sea Hero Quest provide comprehensive insights into visuospatial processing and broader cognitive capabilities 3. Knowledge about spatial navigation and its assessment helps identify early signs of cognitive impairments, assess hippocampal functioning, and develop approaches to improve deficient navigational behavior, especially in the elderly and those with neurological diseases 17 . e EOG measures eye movements through extra-ocular muscle electrical signals. It is nonintrusive and ideal for continuous field use. It can precisely measure eye move- ments and find applications in brain-computer interfaces 18,19 . While EOG has a lower spatial resolution than eye tracking, it excels in capturing temporal measures. Notably, EOG can assess parameters like Quiet Eye dura- tion and spectral decomposition, which aid in distinguishing between low-frequency oscillations and evoked responses over time 20 . Furthermore, EOG signals can be processed in real-time using model-oriented denoising Mechatronics Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 1631714191, Iran. ✉ e-mail: delrobaei@kntu.ac.ir DATA DESCRIPTOR OPEN