OUTLOOK AND SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF EARTH ANCHORS
AND SCREW PILES IN BURIAL OF MODULAR PROTECTION DIKES
IN NONROCKY GROUND
N. V. Khanov,
1,2
D. Yu. Martynov,
1,3
A. I. Novichenko,
1,4
N. V. Lagutina,
1,5
and S. M. Rodionova
1,6
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 6, June 2018, pp. 8 – 17.
Securing of temporary hydrotechnical structures (water-filled, panel-mounted, and other types of dikes) of dif-
ferent heights by means of flat earth anchors and screw piles designed to protect population centers and infra-
structure against large-scale floods is considered.
Keywords: low riverside dikes; flat earth anchors; screw piles; soil mechanics; burial in ground; rope system;
support pillars.
Flooding is among the most dangerous and most frequent
type of natural disaster occurring annually around the world.
According to the definition of the hydrological scientist R.
A. Nezhikhovskii, “Flooding involves the submergence of
land adjacent to a river or sea by water that causes material
losses, harms the health of the population or leads to death of
human beings” [1]. The massive floods of 2017 in India
(state of Assam), the United States (state of California), and
Mexico (state of Tamaulipas) along with those in Russia
(Stavropol kray, Tyumen and Amur oblast’s) correspond
fully to this definition.
Long-term flooding introduces significant ecological and
economic damage and is accompanied by large-scale death
of animals and crop failures, destruction of farm crops and
plants, and the destruction of industrial and civil structures
[2, 3]. In a flood period polluted water fills coastal land,
washes away dumps and burial grounds for animal refuse,
cemeteries, and other potentially dangerous facilities, which
represent a serious epidemiological danger to the local popu-
lation for a prolonged period.
Government agencies employ a number of different
methods of protecting population centers and infrastructure
against floods based on available technical capabilities and
organizations in order to minimize losses caused by natural
disasters. Simply put, these methods may be divided into
permanent and temporary [4]. The permanent methods of
protection include regulation of river flow by means of al-
ready constructed structures, such as dams, hydroelectric sta-
tions, and reservoirs. Temporary methods of protection are
based on timely prediction and reporting of the scales of im-
pending floods and include measures for the construction of
temporary hydrotechnical structures and protective build-
ings. Permanent hydrotechnical structures may be effectively
complemented with temporary protective structures erected
on low-lying ground sections of the region to assure compre-
hensive protection of adjacent lands and effective regulation
of river discharge even in the case of large-scale floods last-
ing several weeks or even months.
In most cases temporary hydrotechnical protective sys-
tems are installed over the entire anticipated period of the
flood and are dismantled right after the water level falls,
which makes it possible to minimize the adverse technical ef-
fects of these systems on the region and surrounding ecosys-
tem. As a result water-filled protective dikes and protective
gate dikes have become widely used as temporary systems in
recent years.
The rapid development of modern technologies has made
it possible to use increasingly stronger, more light-weight,
wear-resistant, and flexible materials in the creation of wa-
ter-filled and protective dikes, which in the future will make
it possible to increase their reliability and overall dimen-
sions. Trends towards the use of new materials and protec-
tive structures are growing and advances in this field are con-
firmed by a series of patents for new inventions [5 – 11].
There exists a host of technical problems in the case of both
existing water-filled and protective dikes and newly devel-
Power Technology and Engineering Vol. 52, No. 4, November, 2018
405
1570-145X/18/5204-0405 © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
1
Russian State Agrarian University — K. A. Timiryazev MAA, Moscowm
Russia
2
nvkhanov@yahoo.com
3
dimamifi@mail.ru
4
antonypirs@mail.ru
5
lagnv@rambler.ru
6
svet-roo@mail.ru
DOI 10.1007/s10749-018-0966-5