Ruminative Cycle and Autonomous Role-Aspect (ARA) Activation within the RAMSD Model Psychology of Inner Worlds Author: Stanislav Pererodin Independent Researcher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7076-8423 Email: spererodin@gmail.com Abstract This conceptual paper elaborates the neurocognitive foundations of the RAMSD model, a modular extension of the "Psychology of Inner Worlds" theory. It introduces the concept of Autonomous Role-Aspects (ARAs), which function as self-contained psychobiological modules responsible for role-based identity enactment. The paper explores the mechanisms by which ruminative thinking emerges as a failure of dynamic role modulation and the integration of ARAs. The theoretical framework is supported by current neuroscientific findings on the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN), and offers a new perspective on chronic rumination as a dysfunction of role-bound subpersonalities (Zhou et al., 2020; Chou et al., 2023; Schimmelpfennig et al., 2023). Keywords: RAMSD model, subpersonality, Autonomous Role-Aspect (ARA), rumination, cognitive loops, role-based identity, DMN, SN, ECN, role fixation, neurocognitive integration. Introduction This manuscript is a conceptual and neurocognitive elaboration within the framework of the RAMSD model and is intended as a supplement to the prior publication: Pererodin, S. (2025). Psychology of Inner Worlds: Modular Theory of Role-Based Subpersonalities. PsyArXiv. https://osf.io/qn2sa The RAMSD model represents a module within the broader theory of Psychology of Inner Worlds, which describes the dynamic organization of Autonomous Role-Aspects (ARAs). According to RAMSD, ARAs are autonomous psychobiological modules that implement specific social roles through their own cognitive-emotional and neurosensory architecture. While functionally similar to subpersonalities, ARAs differ in several critical ways: 1. Strict Role Binding – Each ARA corresponds to a specific role (e.g., son, partner, specialist) and is exclusively activated within the corresponding role context. Unlike the metaphorical 'parts' in Internal Family Systems (IFS), ARAs are formed strictly within role systems and cannot exist outside them. 2. Cognitive-Emotional Autonomy – Every ARA possesses its own sensory filter, autobiographical memory configuration, cognitive strategies, and emotional priorities. This makes it more than a functional role; it is an internally organized system with its own logic of perception and behavior (Misir et al., 2024). 3. Neurophysiological Basis – RAMSD posits that each ARA activates specific brain networks — particularly the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Executive Control Network (ECN) — depending on its cognitive-emotional task. This