Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 14, No. 3, June 2025, pp. 2252~2263 ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i3.9263  2252 Journal homepage: http://beei.org Enhancing 3D building visualization and real-time monitoring in construction through IFC and IoT integration I Made Surya Kumara 1 , I Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya 2 , Kannan Nataraj 3 1 Department of Computer Engineering, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia 2 Department of Computer System Engineering, Institute of Business and Technology Indonesia, Denpasar, Indonesia 3 Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Sep 7, 2024 Revised Dec 2, 2024 Accepted Dec 25, 2024 The integration of industry foundation classes (IFC) and internet of thing (IoT) addresses a key challenge in construction: real-time data visualization on specific building storeys. Traditional methods often struggle with data integration and timely monitoring. This study introduces a web-based platform that combines three-dimensional (3D) technology, IFC models, and IoT sensors to enhance visualization and monitoring in construction projects. Unlike prior approaches that focus on static visualization or lack real-time IoT integration, this platform delivers dynamic, storey -specific updates, enabling real-time monitoring of critical building parameters. A case study showed that file size significantly impacted loading speed, ranging from 0.17 kB/ms (97.3 kB model in 572 ms) to 11.72 kB/ms (7.2 MB model in 629 ms). Despite a slight drop in frame rate from 60 to 55 frames per second (FPS), the system maintained smooth user interactions. Memory usage increased from 180 MB to 314 MB to handle complex 3D models and IoT data in real time. These findings demonstrate that integrating IFC with IoT enhances data visualization, providing more efficient decision-making tools for construction stakeholders and improving on-site coordination and resource management. Keywords: Construction Industry foundation classes Internet of things Technology integration Three-dimensional web This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: I Made Surya Kumara Department of Computer Engineering, Warmadewa University 80235 Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Email: suryakumara@warmadewa.ac.id 1. INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) building visualization plays a pivotal role in the construction industry. It enables the accurate representation of design concepts and facilitates effective communication with stakeholders [1], [2]. Although traditional methods are widely used, they often suffer from limitations related to interoperability and data integration [3]–[6]. These limitations hinder seamless collaboration across diverse platforms and systems. The complex and fragmented nature of construction data further exacerbates these inefficiencies in the design and construction process. Building information modeling (BIM) has emerged as a critical tool for addressing some of these issues [7]–[10]. It offers high-fidelity datasets that capture building elements and their spatial organization in great detail. The web of things standard simplifies the integration of building information from various sources [11]–[14]. However, despite effectively representing as-designed building information, BIM models are often constrained by proprietary formats and lack compatibility with other systems. A significant challenge remains in achieving efficient integration and real-time access to BIM data across various platforms.