IJAH, VOL.7(2), S/N 25, APRIL, 2018
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InternationalJournalof ArtsandHumanities(IJAH)
Ethiopia
Vol. 7 (2), S/No 25, APRIL, 2018: 1-7
ISSN: 2225-8590 (Print) ISSN 2227-5452 (Online)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v7i2.1
Validity Issues in the Application of Selected QualitativeSocial Research
Methods
Boateng, William, PhD
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Faculty of Social Sciences
College of Humanities and Legal Studies
University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
Abstract
This paper investigated the validity concerns in the application of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
and One-on-one Qualitative Interviews as forms of qualitative social research methods with the
objective of unraveling the validity concerns embedded in their application.In order to reach this
objective, theeffectiveness of qualitative social research methods – FGDs and One-on-one Qualitative
Interviews– is put on the line by empirically comparing and contrasting data from two FGD sessions
and one-on-one interviews to ascertain the consistency in terms of data retrieved from participants
using these two data collection methods. The study is guided by the hypothesis that data obtained via
FGDs may be influenced by groupthink rather than individual participant’s perspectives. A critical
scrutiny of the data that emanated from the two organized FGDs departed quite significantly from the
data that was elicited from the one-on-one qualitative interviews. The difference in responses
confirms that FGDs are not fully insulated from the shackles of groupthink. It is recommended,
among others,that though FGD can stand unilaterally as a research methodology for non-sensitive
topics with no direct personal implications forparticipants; researchers should be encouraged to adopt
FGD in league with other methods in a form of triangulation or mixed methodological approach for a
more quality data, bearing in mind the central role occupied by data in the social scientific research
process.
Key Words: Focus Group Discussion, One-on-One Qualitative Interview, Social Research
Methodology, Qualitative Data, and Groupthink.
Introduction
Validity is critical in research as a means of integrityassurance in the research process through the
synchronization of research findings, data and its sources in order to make research real and authentic.
Validity therefore ensures that researchers apply methods in research in a way that findings accurately
reflect the data informing the research (Long & Johnson, 2000). Qualitative research methods have
been applauded for its thoroughness in terms of validity over quantitative research methods. This
viewpoint is generally held because qualitative researchers place the participant at the centre of
research which seems to authenticate the data from the perspective of the participant as compared to