TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 12 August 2022 DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917970 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Liye Zou, Shenzhen University, China REVIEWED BY Zepeng Gong, Sichuan University, China Rafael S. Henrique, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil Oscar Núñez Enríquez, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Mexico *CORRESPONDENCE Carlos Cristi-Montero carlos.cristi.montero@gmail.com SPECIALTY SECTION This article was submitted to Public Health Education and Promotion, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health RECEIVED 11 April 2022 ACCEPTED 18 July 2022 PUBLISHED 12 August 2022 Which one? A comparative study of traditional and sports uniforms on academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents: The Cogni-Action Project Carlos Cristi-Montero 1 *, Patricio Solis-Urra 2,3,4 , Javier Sanchez-Martinez 5 , Jorge Olivares-Arancibia 1,6 , Sam Hernández-Jaña 1 , Guillermo Gajardo-Araya 1,7 , Ximena Palma-Leal 1,2 , Kabir P. Sadarangani 8,9 , Matias Portela Estinto 10 , Yonatan Encina 11 , Cristian Alvarez 12 , Pedro Delgado-Floody 13 , Nicolas Aguilar-Farias 13 , Gerson Ferrari 14 , Sandra Mahecha-Matsudo 15,16 , Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton 4 , Jessica Ibarra-Mora 17 , Maribel Parra-Saldías 18 , Rodrigo Nanjarí-Miranda 6 and Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez 1 1 IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, 2 Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain, 3 Nuclear Medicine Services, “Virgen de Las Nieves” University Hospital, Granada, Spain, 4 Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile, 5 Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile, 6 Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile, 7 Magíster en Educación, Mención Política y Gestión Educativa, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 8 Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Chile, 9 Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile, 10 Division of Healthy Public Policies and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Citizen Participation, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile, 11 Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile, 12 Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile, 13 Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, 14 Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile, 15 Center of Studies on Physical Activity, Exercise and Health, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 16 Academic Unit, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, Chile, 17 Dpto. de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile, 18 Department of Physical Education, University of Atacama, Copiapó, Chile Objective: The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Frontiers in Public Health 01 frontiersin.org