Reviews and Accounts ARKIVOC 2012 (i) 610-628
Page 610
©
ARKAT-USA, Inc.
Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide
using bimetallic aluminium(salen) complexes
Michael North
School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU,
UK
E-mail: Michael.north@ncl.ac.uk
Abstract
Over the last six years, highly active catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from
epoxides and carbon dioxide have been developed. Initial studies showed that bimetallic
aluminium(salen) complexes [Al(salen)]
2
O formed active catalysts and kinetic studies allowed
the catalytic cycle to be determined. The catalysts could be immobilized on silica, allowing them
to be used in a gas phase flow reactor as well as in batch reactors. The compatibility of the
catalysts with waste carbon dioxide present in power station flue gas has been investigated and
studies to enhance the commercial applicability of the catalysts by reducing the cost of their
production carried out.
Keywords: Carbon dioxide, epoxide, cyclic carbonate, catalyst, aluminium, salen
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Catalyst Discovery
3. Reaction Mechanism
4. One-Component and Immobilized Catalysts
5. Use of Waste Carbon Dioxide
6. Catalyst Cost Reduction
7. Conclusions
8. Acknowledgements
9. References
1. Introduction
The world currently generates most of its energy by the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil and
natural gas) and despite efforts to develop alternative, renewable energy sources, fossil fuels are