Published with license by Brill Schöningh | doi:10.30965/23761202-BJA10031 © PHILIP GAMAGHELYAN AND SEVIL HUSEYNOVA, 2024 | ISSN: 2376-1199 (print) 2376-1202 (online) Caucasus Survey (2024) 1–29 brill.com/casu Challenges to Building a Viable Alternative to Ethnonationalism in the Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict Setting Philip Gamaghelyan | orcid: 0000-0002-0895-8438 Assistant Professor, Kroc School of Peace Studies, University of San Diego, CA, USA Corresponding author gamaghel@gmail.com Sevil Huseynova Researcher, Center for Independent Social Studies, Berlin, Germany s.huseynova@cisr-berlin.org Received 21 August 2023 | Accepted 22 January 2024 | Published online 16 April 2024 Abstract The article looks into why, to date, discourses of peace in the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict context failed to present a challenge to the hegemony of ethnonationalism. With the liberal world order in crisis and Armenian and Azerbaijani identities enter- ing a period of redefinition following the latter’s overwhelming military victory and exodus of the Armenian population from Nagorno-Karabakh, the article argues for a sustained effort towards rethinking peace and ongoing dialogue among realist, liberal, and post-liberal thinkers a road towards a multifaceted and interdisciplinary process that could move the South Caucasus away from violence and towards peace. Keywords Ethnonationalism – post-liberal – national identity – peacebuilding – liberal peace – Caucasus Downloaded from Brill.com 04/17/2024 11:02:14PM via University of Michigan