88 TRANSPORT 2008 ISSN 1648-4142 print / ISSN 1648-3480 online www.transport.vgtu.lt 1. Introduction Lublin is a city with a very rich past, to which it owes its distinctiveness and identity, and also speciﬁc for its localization development conditions. Taking advantage of these features in the plans of the municipal transport operation should be a base of strategic program of sus- tainable city development. e most important factors in the development of passenger transport in Lublin are: construction of ex- pressways, improvement of railway connections and building of an airﬁeld which will serve as a Lublin’s gate to the open world. It is also necessary to expand and im- prove existing transport infrastructure, especially related to the trolley-bus network. Architectural structure and building development in the city centre is beneﬁcial for the further develop- ment of the road communication. In this respect advan- tageous inﬂuence is made by numerous river-beds and ravines, which prevent compact settlement. Some prob- lems are related to the arrangement and scale of huge housing estates and irregular layout of clusters of places of employment. In consequence, a signiﬁcant deﬁciency of places of employment can be observed in the vicinity of residential zones and gaps in the development of the inner municipal transport services. In the scope of organization and management of municipal transport, three models can be distinguished by Rydzykowski, Wojewódska-Król (2002): transport without any public regulation, transport subject to pub- lic control and realized by one monopolistic company, transport under public control and realized by competi- tive transport companies. System of municipal transport existing in Lublin so far does not meet any of the above models. Its function- ing is based on the public regulation, but is not put into practice in a uniform manner for all common carriers. ere are two main common public transport compa- nies in Lublin: Municipal Transport Company (MPK) and City Bus Service (AKL). MPK Ltd. is a municipal company and renders its services for the citizens of Lub- lin with consideration to the public transport duties, so- cial politics and other factors, which the city has to fulﬁll in relation to its inhabitants. AKL is a consortium asso- ciating dozens of private carriers which oﬀer transport services characterized by uniform transport tariﬀ with no regard to the social and public politics of the city. EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE CHOSEN ASPECTS OF MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT OPERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF LUBLIN Andrzej Niewczas, Grzegorz Koszalka, Jan Wrona, Daniel Pieniak Lublin University of Technology, Dept of Internal Combustion Engines and Transport, 36 Nadbystrzycka, 20-618 Lublin, Poland. E-mail: a.niewczas@pollub.pl Received 14 April 2007; accepted 20 November 2007 Abstract. e paper presents some aspects of operation of municipal transport system in the city of Lublin (Po- land). Organization of Lublin Municipal Transport Company was described, its eﬃciency and perspectives of develop- ment. Particular attention was paid to the rules of adjustment to the EU requirements, and to the inﬂuence of demo- graphic and social factors. Infrastructure of public transport in Lublin was analyzed (busses, trolley-busses, bus stations, ﬁxed objects and bus stops), as well as conﬁguration of bus and trolley-bus lines. Some speciﬁc proposals were also put forward regarding development solutions: development plan of trolley-bus traction, plan of inter-connection bus sta- tion, development plan of bus traction, introduction of advanced IT solutions into the public transport management and natural gas (CNG) fuelling of the city busses. Keywords: urban transport, urban transport problems. 23(1): 88–90