© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 DOI: 10.1163/156973109X448724
Journal of Reformed eology 3 (2009) 175-201 brill.nl/jrt
Jonathan Edwards on the Divine Nature
Oliver D. Crisp
Reader in eology, University of Bristol, UK
E-mail: oliver.crisp@bristol.ac.uk
Abstract
In the recent literature there have been several accounts of Jonathan Edwards’s doctrine of God
(eology Proper). In this paper, I offer a rather different interpretation of Edwards, showing
that his understanding of the divine nature is much more in keeping with the Reformed scholastic
tradition in which he was educated, despite the fact that he ends up embracing a version of
panentheism.
Keywords
divine nature, pure act, simplicity, dispositions, excellency, Trinity
I confess there is a degree of indistinctness and obscurity in the close consideration
of such subjects, and a great imperfection in the expressions we use concerning
them; arising unavoidably from the infinite sublimity of the subject, and the
incomprehensibleness of those things that are divine.
—Jonathan Edwards, End of Creation I. IV
One important question raised by several recent studies of the theology of the
New England divine, Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758), is whether what he says
about the divine nature constitutes an innovation in Reformed theology. Is
Edwards’s eology Proper a departure from key claims in the Reformed
orthodox theology in which he had been schooled? In contrast to several recent
accounts of Edwards’s philosophical theology, I shall argue that his under-
standing of dispositions (a key notion for his doctrine of God) is entirely
consistent with his allegiance to a traditional, scholastic understanding of the
divine nature. However, Edwards does go beyond his theological forbearers in
asserting that God must create some world. It turns out that his argument is,
to coin a phrase, a species of pure act panentheism—a term that will be explained
in the course of the argument.