Publisher: Imam Khomeini International University. DOI: 10.30479/mfh.2025.20220.2361 The Historical Development of the Concepts of Azan and Iqamah as Found in the Kitab al-Salah within the Four Major Hadith Collections of Early Shia Scholars Robabeh Mirbagheri Firozabad 1 Mojgan Sarshar 2* Sayed Mohsen Mirbagheri 3 Abstract Due to the variations in the number of narrations concerning Azan and Iqamah across these collections, as well as differences in their texts and chapter titles, a thorough examination was deemed necessary to assess how these changes evolved over time. Key topics include the teaching of Azan and Iqamah to the Prophet, their initiation, sections, testimonies, shortening, recitation, ablution, tathweeb, intervals, and supplications.Counting the narrations revealed that 52 years after Al-Kulayni, the 35 narrations regarding Azan and Iqamah in Al-Kafi increased to 50 in Al-Faqih. Subsequently, 79 years later, this number rose to 72 in Al-Tahdhib. There is also a noticeable increase in both the texts of these narrations and additional topics related to Azan and Iqamah in these collec- tions. However, in Al-Istibsar, due to its focus on conflicting narrations, only an increase in chapter titles is observed, despite a decrease in the number of narrations.This descriptive-analytical study aims to uncover the nature of developments in the narrations of Azan and Iqamah from Al-Kulayni to Al-Tusi over a span of 131 years. It was found that during this period, rel- evant narrations consistently evolved. Additionally, it was noted that while the third testimony is not included as part of Azan and Iqamah in the four collections, “Hayya ‘ala khair al-amal” is recognized as part of their sections. Furthermore, while tathweeb is rejected in the narrations of Al-Ku- layni and Al-Saduq, Al-Tusi interprets its acceptance as a matter of taqiyyah. Keywords Historical Development, Azan and Iqamah, Four Major Shia Hadith Collections, Third Testimony, Tathweeb, Evolution. Article Type: Research 1. PhD Student in Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Email:robabeh.mirbagheri@gmail.com 2. Responsible Author, Assistant Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Email: Sarshar2008@gmail.com 3. Associate Professor of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. Email: d.mirbagheri@gmail.com Received on: 26/04/2024 Accepted on: 08/10/2024 Copyright © 2025, Mirbagheri Firozabad, Sarshar & Mirbagheri Studies on Understanding Hadith. Vol. 11, Issue. 2 (No. 22), Spring & Summer 2025, pp.73-94