3 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 G. P. Rath (ed.), Handbook of Trigeminal Neuralgia, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2333-1_1 R. Lamsal · G. P. Rath (*) Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Introduction to Trigeminal Neuralgia Ritesh Lamsal and Girija Prasad Rath Key Points Since pre-historic times, there have been several descriptions of human affliction from trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) Modern-day TGN therapy is the result of concerted effort invested in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment outcomes over several centuries • Pharmacotherapy is the first line of management and microvascular decompression has excellent results in surgically amenable lesions • Chemoneurolysis, balloon microcompression, radiofrequency lesioning. and stereotactic radiosurgery are other viable options with promising results Synonyms • Tic Douloureux • Trifacial neuralgia Fothergill’s disease or Fothergill neuralgia Prosopalgia or Prosoponeuralgia • Suicide disease