© 2017 Abdallah Rhattoy, Mohamed Lahmer and Idriss Chana. This open access article is distributed under a Creative
Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.
Journal of Computer Science
Original Research Paper
Impact of the Smart City Architecture, Speed and Traffic
Density of Vehicles on the Performances of Vanets
Abdallah Rhattoy, Mohamed Lahmer and Idriss Chana
Department of Computer, Information and Communication Systems Engineering Research Group,
Moulay Ismail University, Higher School of Technology, B.P. 3103, 50000, Toulal, Meknes, Morocco
Corresponding Author:
Abdallah Rhattoy
Department of Computer,
Information and
Communication Systems
Engineering Research Group,
Moulay Ismail University,
Higher School of Technology,
B.P. 3103, 50000, Toulal,
Meknes, Morocco
Email: rhattoy@gmail.com
Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is one of the emerging
and actual research fields in automotive companies and Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) designers. In the Smart City the presence of
such networks opens the way for a wide range of applications such as safety
applications, mobility and connectivity for both driver and passengers to
exploit the transport systems in a smoothly efficiently and safer way. The
802.11p is a draft amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard for vehicular
communications. VANET are characterized by a dynamic topology
triggered by the vehiculars mobility. In the Smart City the main problems of
inter-vehicle communication are the speed, density of vehicles and the size
of the buildings. For this purpose, we first examine and then display the
simulation findings of the impact of different radio propagation models on
the performance of vehicular ad hoc networks in terms of the characteristics
of the physical layer. In our study, we have compared the performances of
two routing protocols (AODV and OLSR) for three propagation model (two-
Ray ground, Rice and Nakagami). We study those protocols under varying
metrics such as Traffic density, Smart City Architecture (size of the scenario
areas) and the mobility of vehicle. Our objective is to provide a qualitative
assessment of the protocols applicability in different vehicular scenarios.
These two routing protocols are simulated and compared with Network
Simulator-2 under Manhattan Grid Mobility Model. To conclude, the
simulation findings are to be taken as a strong reference on the three routing
protocols behaviour; however, it shouldn’t be considered as an exact
representation of its behaviour and real environment because of several
simulation constraints such as: the dimension of movement field of vehiculars,
the traffic type and the simulation timing.
Keywords: Smart City, Routing Protocols, OLSR, AODV, VANET
Introduction
Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs) are
consisting of a number of vehicles traveling on urban
streets, capable of communicating with each other
(Delgrossi, 2014). The development of VANETs is
backed by strong economical interests since Vehicle-to-
Vehicle (V2V) communication allows sharing the
wireless channel for mobile applications, to improve
route planning, to control traffic congestion, or to
improve traffic safety. Moreover, communication
between vehicles depends on several parameters such
as the transmission power, the propagation environment
of the waves and the frequency used also play an
important. The wave’s propagation obeyed strict rules,
especially in the case of obstacles between the
transmitter and the receiver (Rhattoy et al., 2008).
Among the changes a wave may undergo, we can cite:
reflection, diffraction, diffusion and absorption. One
key component of VANET simulations is the
movement pattern of vehicles, also called the mobility
model. Mobility models determine the location of
nodes in the topology at any given instant, which
strongly affects network connectivity and throughput.
This paper is organized as follows. To approach the
architecture of the city such as roads, signal fires,
buildings and other obstacles in urban areas, we give
three types of radio propagation models. Next, we