Research Article
Clustering Approaches for Pragmatic
Two-Layer IoT Architecture
J. Sathish Kumar and Mukesh A. Zaveri
Computer Engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat, India
Correspondence should be addressed to J. Sathish Kumar; sathish613@gmail.com
Received 13 September 2017; Revised 8 February 2018; Accepted 11 March 2018; Published 19 April 2018
Academic Editor: Mauro Femminella
Copyright © 2018 J. Sathish Kumar and Mukesh A. Zaveri. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Connecting all devices through Internet is now practical due to Internet of ings. IoT assures numerous applications in everyday
life of common people, government bodies, business, and society as a whole. Collaboration among the devices in IoT to bring
various applications in the real world is a challenging task. In this context, we introduce an application-based two-layer architectural
framework for IoT which consists of sensing layer and IoT layer. For any real-time application, sensing devices play an important
role. Both these layers are required for accomplishing IoT-based applications. e success of any IoT-based application relies on
efficient communication and utilization of the devices and data acquired by the devices at both layers. e grouping of these
devices helps to achieve the same, which leads to formation of cluster of devices at various levels. e clustering helps not only
in collaboration but also in prolonging overall network lifetime. In this paper, we propose two clustering algorithms based on
heuristic and graph, respectively. e proposed clustering approaches are evaluated on IoT platform using standard parameters
and compared with different approaches reported in literature.
1. Introduction
e success of wireless sensor network in the form of technol-
ogy and applications in different areas like home automation,
industrial applications, security and military surveillance,
and many more raises the further need for machine-to-
machine connectivity and availability of the data or infor-
mation anytime and anywhere [1]. is requirement leads
to the new technology development in the form of Internet
of ings (IoT). e IoT allows the connectivity among the
devices and helps in acquisition of data or information at any
time and from any place. ere are numerous applications
of IoT coming up using different technologies [2]. Also,
IoT enables innovative services in numerous applications
like smart transportation, smart home, smart city, smart
lifestyle, smart retail, smart agriculture, smart industries,
smart emergency, smart health care, smart environment, and
many more [3, 4]. e use of these applications and their
demand has increased the scope of research and innovation
in this domain [2, 5].
e most significant part of above-mentioned applica-
tions using IoT needs sensing and monitoring the envi-
ronment or acquiring the data from different IP-enabled
devices or sensors. e sensor devices used for sensing and
monitoring are battery-operated and energy-constrained.
is implies that power consumption and energy are critical
aspects. IP-based communication effectively utilizes more
energy, which leads these low-powered devices to deplete
rapidly. ese huge numbers of devices communicate and
collaborate with each other in order to accomplish a given
job or task. is raises the need for effective connectivity
and efficient communication among these devices in an
optimized way, which is a very challenging task. In this
context, there is a need for a solution that promises maximal
connectivity through minimum communication. e most
efficient way to fulfill these needs is to collaborate among
the devices or sensors and perform the tasks for a given
application. One way to achieve this is through grouping
the devices in an efficient way in terms of energy usage and
computational complexity.
Hindawi
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Volume 2018, Article ID 8739203, 16 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8739203