Move Fast and Break Things
Jonathan Taplin PAN MACMILLAN (2018)
With Facebook, Google and Amazon
monopolizing consumer culture, digital-media
expert Jonathan Taplin argues that their
dominance is an economic war as well as a
cultural one. His solution? A “digital renaissance”
returning to principles of decentralization.
Resurrecting the Shark
Susan Ewing PEGASUS (2018)
Helicoprion, a bizarre prehistoric shark with teeth
set in a spiral whorl, swam the oceans more
than 270 million years ago. It remains shrouded
in mystery. Susan Ewing traces how the fossil
obsessed scientists for centuries, and how new
research could resolve how its teeth fit into its jaw.
A
few years after the Second World
War, Muzafer Sherif conducted
possibly the most complex field
studies ever attempted in social psychol-
ogy. Sited in summer camps around the
United States, they focused on conflict and
cooperation within and between two groups
of about a dozen 11- and 12-year-old boys.
The children were never informed that they
were taking part in research. In each study,
Sherif and his fellow researchers spent up
to three weeks disguised as counsellors and
caretakers, manipulating features of the
camp set-up — in particular, the structure
of team competitions and challenges — to
examine their impact on group relations.
In The Lost Boys, Gina Perry puts these
extraordinary experiments under the
microscope. As in her 2013 book Behind
the Shock Machine, which probed psycholo-
gist Stanley Milgram’s 1960s research on
obedience, she is unsatisfied with the half-
truths lazily handed down in textbooks. Her
aim is to make a distinctive contribution
to the current debate about replication and
reproducibility in social psychology. She goes
in search of the stories behind the research,
in particular reassessing Sherif’s legacy
through the recollections of study partici-
pants and research collaborators. The result
is an enlightening read, and a ripping yarn.
All three studies featured a phase in
which the two groups competed for scarce
resources such as prized penknives. In
other respects, their designs were quite dif-
ferent. In the 1949 and 1953 studies, the
boys underwent a phase of making friends.
They were then assigned to one of two dis-
tinct groups that cut across friendship lines.
PSYCHOLOGY
War and peace and summer camp
Alex Haslam appraises an account of key psychology experiments on
conflict and cooperation.
306 | NATURE | VOL 556 | 19 APRIL 2018
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