Detecting Lumbar Implant and Diagnosing Scoliosis from Vietnamese X-Ray Imaging Using the Pre-Trained API Models and Transfer Learning Chung Le Van 1 , Vikram Puri 1 , Nguyen Thanh Thao 2 and Dac-Nhuong Le 3,4,* 1 Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam 2 Department of Radiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 530000, Vietnam 3 Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam 4 Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam  Corresponding Author: Dac-Nhuong Le. Email: ledacnhuong@duytan.edu.vn Received: 27 July 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020 Abstract: With the rapid growth of the autonomous system, deep learning has become integral parts to enumerate applications especially in the case of health- care systems. Human body vertebrae are the longest and complex parts of the human body. There are numerous kinds of conditions such as scoliosis, vertebra degeneration, and vertebrate disc spacing that are related to the human body ver- tebrae or spine or backbone. Early detection of these problems is very important otherwise patients will suffer from a disease for a lifetime. In this proposed sys- tem, we developed an autonomous system that detects lumbar implants and diag- noses scoliosis from the modified Vietnamese x-ray imaging. We applied two different approaches including pre-trained APIs and transfer learning with their pre-trained models due to the unavailability of sufficient x-ray medical imaging. The results show that transfer learning is suitable for the modified Vietnamese x-ray imaging data as compared to the pre-trained API models. Moreover, we also explored and analyzed four transfer learning models and two pre-trained API models with our datasets in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Keywords: Lumbar implant; diagnosing scoliosis; X-Ray imaging; transfer learning 1 Introduction Lower back pain is one of the most common illnesses all over the world and is a leading cause of morbidity as well as an increasing burden on global health care [1,2]. Recognizing the particular etiology is a hurdle for the health system, although the causes of pain are usually due to mechanical pressing or chemical irritation that leads to nervous inflammation [3]. The main causes of the low back are spinal stenosis and disc herniation [4]. Intervertebral disks have complex and unique structure is very complex and unique [5]. The intervertebral disk supports load transfer across the vertebrae due to the highly mobile nature of the spinal columns. From the biomedical point of view, joints in the intervertebral disk have dynamic properties such as changing nature. These properties are changed as per human life and age. However, the degeneration of the disk in the human body can be slowed down [6–8]. The lower This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Computers, Materials & Continua DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013125 Article ech T Press Science