International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 107 – No 4, December 2014 20 Bandwidth and Radiation Management of GSM System using Fuzzy Logic Bhargav V. Gokalgandhi Department of EXTC D. J. Sanghvi College Mumbai. Dereyk D’souza Department of EXTC D. J. Sanghvi College Mumbai. Arun J. Varia Department of EXTC D. J. Sanghvi College Mumbai. Sagar Samant Department of EXTC D. J. Sanghvi College Mumbai. ABSTRACT Bandwidth and the radiation pattern of an antenna play a crucial role in long as well as short distance communication. Nowadays, the increasing population and the unequal use of communication channels are making it difficult to manage the bandwidth of a communication system. Also, the radiation of the antenna is inefficiently used in many areas. One of the solutions to these problems is using fuzzy logic. It will help in easier management of the database. The allocation of bandwidth and the control of radiation pattern will become extremely simple. All the factors will be automatically updated according to the existing requirements thus, making the system a self-learning system. Keywords Fuzzy, Bandwidth, Radiation, Directivity, Inference, fuzzification, defuzzification. 1. INTRODUCTION Since the advent of the communication age, antennas have become an integral part of development of any type of communication system. Any system, whether used for communicating long or short distances, has to use specific types of antennas. Hence, the parameters of antennas have a substantial effect on the designing of systems. Some parameters such as the bandwidth and the effective radiation have a great influence on the efficient working of the system. Hence, these parameters have to be used as effectively as possible. But due to the ever increasing demands of the ever increasing population of the world, there is a lot of strain on the existing resources. This strain is especially on the infrastructure of the developing countries. Hence, something has to be done to use the existing resources as efficiently as possible. Here, as there is unequal distribution of population in developing countries, there are a lot of problems in setting up areas where the bandwidth of the antennas can be effectively used. In many urban areas the number of users using these communication devices is much more than in the rural areas. Hence, the bandwidth of the antenna is severely affected and also a lot of radiation power has to be maintained whilst, in rural areas the number of users is comparatively less and hence larger bandwidth is not required. Fuzzy logic is basically a mathematical logic wherein the true value of any event can be assumed in the continuum of values between 0 and 1. As the name suggests, it is a method of reasoning that is vague or fuzzy. By vague it means that there are multiple possible values that can represent a given scenario. It can be like evaluating a statement and defining a variable to it as partly true, completely true or completely false. We can say that fuzzy logic is a method in which a given event is justified in various degrees of trueness. As it is seen that the variable is defined a non-numeric value rather that a numerical one in fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is governed by a predefined set of rules. It is a tool to deal with uncertain events that are too complex to deal with normal methods. These approximations can be really useful when dealing with such complex situations where true or exact values tend to be hindering. Here, Fuzzy Logic is being used to control or to set the radiation pattern and the bandwidth of an antenna or a base station in such a way that maximum radiation is utilized and there is minimum wastage of bandwidth. This will make the base stations more flexible in terms of frequency utilization and more efficacious in terms of radiation. 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION In a GSM Network, the multiplexing is done in two ways. It is TDM [Time Division Multiplexing] and FDM [Frequency Division Multiplexing]. This means that the channels in GSM are divided in frequency as well as time. This is done with a sole purpose of efficiently using the bandwidth provided. But, at the same time, the bandwidth required by each area and the amount of time slots required in each channel can vary depending on the magnitude of the users in that area. If supposedly the number of users in an area A is less and still the bandwidth provided to them is same as that of the bandwidth provided to more number of users in some other area B, then the bandwidth in area A is unused while that in area B is strained as the channel capacity in area B will be lower than the required information rate. If a particular base station region is such that there are irregularities in the use of its radiation. It means that in some areas of that cell there is a lot of use of the radiation as the number of users is high or the radiation cannot penetrate to longer distances because of losses due to obstacles, then the radiation pattern or the radiation power has to be changed accordingly so that maximum radiation can be used with minimum power wastage. Now, all the above examples show that controlling the bandwidth and the radiation is very important for efficient communication in areas where the population density is high and its distribution is unequal. These problems mentioned above can be easily controlled and a system can be designed using fuzzy logic.