1 The syntax of tád ‘thereby’ in the Jaiminīya-Brāhmaṇa Dieter Gunkel (UCLA), dgunkel@humnet.ucla.edu ECIEC 44, June 20–22, 2025, LMU München 1. Introducing tád ‘thereby’ Vedic tád ‘thereby’ (AV+) is frequent in prose. It refers anaphorically to the content of the preceding clause(s), e.g. (1) bāhūn udgṛhṇanti | yajamānam eva tat svarge loke samādadhati arms:ACC hold.up:3PL | sacrificer:ACC =FOC thereby heavenly:LOC.SG realm:LOC put.in:3PL “They hold their arms up. Thereby, they put the SACrificer in heaven.” (JB 1.89) The basic idea: by raising their ARMS (to heaven), they raise the SACrificer to heaven. • What the two sentences have in common: “they raise x to heaven”. • Narrow focus on yajamānam ‘sacrificer’, which contrasts with bāhūn ‘arms’. • yajamānam has moved from its neutral preverbal position over the locative complement svarge loke “in heaven” and apparently also over tad “thereby.” • yajamānam hosts the enclitic particle eva, which certainly marks focus, and may also exhaustively identify the referent (so Kobayashi 2014). Another example, which is typical in that clause with tad closes a so-called Vedic syllogism (cf. Verpoorten 1977: 257, Migron 1994). Here, tad refers to the content of the two preceding clauses. (2) sa yad vācaṃ dadāty — agnir vai vāg — agnim evāsmai tad dadāti he COMP speech:ACC gives — fire:NOM =PTCL speech:NOM — fire:ACC =FOC_=him:DAT thereby gives “In that he gives him speech — speech is fire — he thereby gives him FIRE.” (JB 2.54) • What the first and third clauses have in common: “he gives him x.” • Narrow focus on agnim “fire,” which contrasts with vācam “speech.” • agnim is eva-marked. agnim=eva hosts the enclitic pronoun asmai “to him.” Knowing where tád ‘thereby’ sits would help us analyze the syntax of the sentences it inhabits. 2. Corpus Portions of the JB contained in Caland’s (1919) JB Auswahl: ca. 35,000 words. Caland’s (1919) text, translation, and brief notes; Bodewitz’s text, translation, and commentary of JB 1 (1973, 1990). The JB is also relatively wordy compared with other Brāhmaṇa prose. The corpus yields 133 relatively secure examples of the adverb. 3. Syntactic assumptions I adopt Hale’s analysis of the beginning of the Indo-Iranian and Vedic clause (2018 with refs), which consists of the landing sites for expressions that undergo movement.