PAPER APPLIED CAL ON PROBLEM BASED LEARNING USING GAGNE’S INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN Applied CAL on Problem Based Learning Using Gagne’s Instructional Design http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v9i9.4116 Sri Sundari 1 , Harsono 2 , Titi Savitri P. 2 , and Ova Emilia 2 1 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Universitas Gadjah Mada, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract—In the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, students are expected to study independently. One of the methods that can improve the ability or skill of learners is using Computer Assisted Learning (CAL). Implementation of CAL in PBL should be able to create Self-Directed Learn- ing (SDL) culture through appropriate instructional design and interesting modules. In this paper, the CAL software is developed using multimedia learning principles, convenient appearance, and user-friendly navigation. The CAL’s learn- ing content is designed using Gagne's instructional design. The experiment proved the CAL was able to give effect size 0.89 and developed self-directed learning culture. From the interviews, students were very glad and interested to use the CAL modules because they can learn anytime and can reach the course objectives without a lecturer. Index Terms—Problem Based Learning, Computer Assisted Learning, Self-Directed Learning, Gagne’s Instructional Design I. INTRODUCTION In an e-learning implementation, it takes a supporting technology that acts as the primary learning devices. To- day, the computer is a major supporting device of e- learning. There are two roles of computers in e-learning: in the Computer Based Learning (CBL), computer is the central part of the learning, whereas in the Computer As- sisted Learning (CAL) computer merely as one of learning tools or computer-conveyed. The main characteristic on CAL is self-paced learning (in accordance with the conditions and speed of learning of each student). CAL is student-centered learning, be- cause the students who have the autonomy should decide what to learn, how to learn, learning through what, and where they will learn; while the task of educators is as a facilitator for all combinations, optimal learning modali- ties can be run effectively. So, CAL has the potential to build a culture of SDL. In PBL, students are expected to learn independently (self-directed learning) so it is necessary to develop a method of learning that can improve the ability of students to perform learning without the assistance or intervention of lecturers. CAL is one method of learning that is consid- ered suitable for PBL, but must equip with a proper in- structional design for building self-directed learning, one of which uses Gagne's instructional design. Thus, the question in this paper is how to apply the Gagne's instruc- tional design on CAL for enhancing the student analytical- ly skills in PBL? II. DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT A. Computer Assisted Learning CAL has distinctive characteristics: focus on independ- ence in learning, providing an interactive learning tool, and providing guidance [1]. CAL has parts that construct a unique structure; these parts are the software requirement, software design, the software using, and content, message of the knowledge, and supporting software. The CAL module should contain text, audio, video, graphics, etc. In the lecture point of view, the CAL module should easy to use (either the manufacture or utilization), requires mini- mal training, allowing the desired learning, and enabling learning control according to the environment. While, from the student point of view, CAL module should flexi- ble, has richer learning materials than face-to-face, run- ning on a computer that is already available, allowing adequate collaboration, and including the development of advanced materials through class or group discussions. Using CAL on learning, particularly in PBL has bene- fits [2], as follows: 1. Delivery of lessons becomes more standardized, so that every student who reads or hear through the presentation through CAL receive the same message, 2. Teaching becomes more attractive because they func- tion as the central focal point and cause the students give attention, 3. Provides an interactive learning 4. Shorten the learning time 5. Teaching is giving when necessary or desirable, 6. The positive attitude of the students towards what they learned could enhance, included the culture of self-directed. From the above explanation that CAL has benefits as a tool that can attract attention, provide experiences for students to interact directly to the learning material so as to create a positive attitude of the students to learn inde- pendently. B. Multimedia cognitive learning theory In cognitive psychological theory, there is a working memory. This memory consists visually, and auditory working memory that works separately [3] and both has a very limited capacity [4][5]. Cognitive load theory explains that humans have the two separate systems in verbal and visual information presented [6]. The dual coding theory explains that the learning process would be meaningless if the student se- lects and store irrelevant information, and then organize iJET ‒ Volume 9, Issue 9: "Blended Learning", 2014 11