Skin Res Technol. 2018;1–17. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/srt
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1 © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
1 | INTRODUCTION
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States.
1
It is currently estimated that one in 5 Americans will develop
skin cancer in their lifetime. There are several types of skin
cancers, including nonmelanoma skin cancers and melanoma.
2
Both have demonstrated an increase in incidence for the last
few decades, especially in the Caucasian population. There are
2 main types of nonmelanoma skin cancer: squamous cell car-
cinoma and basal cell carcinoma. These cancers rarely metas-
tasize. Melanoma, however, is a cancer of melanocytes. These
cells are found interspersed between the keratinocytes of the
stratum basale and are responsible for making melanin, the pig-
ment that gives skin its color. Melanoma is rarer than nonmela-
noma skin cancer; however, it is more likely to cause metastasis
and death.
Accepted: 28 January 2018
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12468
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
OCT image atlas of healthy skin on sun-exposed areas
S. O’Leary
1
| A. Fotouhi
1
| D. Turk
1
| P. Sriranga
1
| A. Rajabi-Estarabadi
2
|
K. Nouri
2
| S. Daveluy
3
| D. Mehregan
3
| M. Nasiriavanaki
1,3,4
1
Wayne State University School of Medicine,
Detroit, MI, USA
2
Department of Dermatology and
Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
3
Department of Dermatology, Wayne State
University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI,
USA
4
Engineering Faculty, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State
University, Detroit, MI, USA
Correspondence
Mohammadreza Nasiriavanaki, Engineering
Faculty, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Wayne State University,
Detroit, MI, USA.
Email: mrn.avanaki@wayne.edu
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer represents the most prevalent type of cancer in the United
States. Excision of these lesions can leave significant scarring, and a delay in the diag-
nosis of malignant melanoma could result in metastasis or death. Therefore, develop-
ing technology and criteria to accurately diagnose these cancers is of particular
importance to the medical community. While biopsy can lead to scarring and infec-
tions, dermoscopy and confocal microscopy offer noninvasive imaging methods but
are also limited in their ability to determine tumor depth and margins. Optical coher-
ence tomography (OCT) is a promising imaging method that uses near-infrared light
backscattering to image structures underneath the surface of the skin. The purpose
of this study is to provide examples of variations across different skin locations and
to identify common themes that occur with aging and sun exposure, most notably
thinning of the epidermis and loss of a distinct dermal-epidermal junction.
Methods: Optical coherence tomography images were taken using the VivoSight
swept-source OCT. Images were taken from a 23-year-old man (Subject 1) and an
89-year-old man (Subject 2), both with Fitzpatrick Skin Type I, who did not have any
prior skin conditions. We investigated the regions of the body that represent sun-
exposed areas.
Results: Results including OCT images taken from 19 predominately sun-exposed
areas are shown in Figure 2-Figure 20.
Conclusion: The 2 sets of images demonstrate the variety that exists within OCT
imaging of healthy skin, and thus, a comprehensive understanding of the variation in
normal skin imaging using OCT is critical to be able to distinguish and diagnose skin
cancers when present.
KEYWORDS
noninvasive, nonmelanoma skin cancer, optical coherence tomography