384 Capital & Class 49(2) Richard Saull Capital, Race, and Space Volume 1: The Far- Right from Bonapartism to Fascism, Leiden: Brill, 2023; 394pp. 163 EUR (hardback). ISBN: 978-90-04-53516-9 Capital, Race, and Space Volume 2: The Far- Right from Cold War to Trumpism, Leiden: Brill, 2023; 430pp. 165 EUR (hardback). ISBN: 978-90-04-53950-1 Reviewed by Klevis Kolasi, Ankara University Richard Saull’s two-volume work Capital, Race, and Space (Vol. 1: The Far Right from Bonapartism to Fascism; Vol. 2: The Far Right from the Cold War to Trumpism) provides an ambitious and erudite international historical sociology account of the far-right, tracing its evolution from the mid-19th century to the present. Rather than offering a comparative or ideational study of far-right movements, Saull examines the broader structural conditions – socioeconomic, political, ideological, and geopolitical – that have shaped its emergence and persistence. By emphasizing the role of international structures in domestic political developments, he challenges prevailing methodological internalism, which often neglects transnational, inter-societal and class dynamics in shaping far-right politics. Saull frames his analysis through the concept of uneven and combined development (UCD), first introduced by Leon Trotsky and later expanded by scholars in International Relations (IR). UCD allows him to reveal how capitalist development and geopolitical shifts create structural conditions that facilitate the far-right’s rise and reproduction. He argues that the far-right must be understood as a product of capitalism’s contradictions, shaped by spatial and temporal dynamics often overlooked in mainstream analyses. By integrating this framework into his historical inquiry, Saull offers a systematic interna- tional historical sociology of the far-right’s transformation over the longue durée. Saull defines the far-right as a reactionary force committed to defending racial and social hierarchies, rejecting liberal modernity through conspiratorial narratives, and selectively opposing capitalism’s internationalizing tendencies while preserving its funda- mental structures. Despite historical transformations, its core ideological elements – racialized nationalism, authoritarianism, and an idealized past – remain central to its political character across different historical contexts (pp. 5-8). Far-right politics, Saull contends, are not isolated national phenomena but are shaped by evolving international conditions. Their ideological character at any given moment reflects broader shifts in the political economy, geopolitical order, and crises of capital- ism. For example, he argues that fascism emerged from an international system marked by capitalist imperialism, racial hierarchies, and total war, whereas today’s far-right is shaped by a neoliberal global order characterized by financialized capitalism, transna- tional governance structures, and a populist backlash. Despite its anti-globalization rhet- oric, the contemporary far-right ultimately preserves capitalism’s core mechanisms – private property, market exchange, and wage labor exploitation (p. 7). The first volume, The Far Right from Bonapartism to Fascism charts the evolution of the far right across three historical phases. Chapter 1 critically surveys existing scholarship, highlighting its limitations and presenting Saull’s theoretical framework, which draws on and extends Marxist theorizations of the far-right. Chapter 2 examines the far-right’s ori- gins in the 1848–49 European Revolutions, where it emerged as a reactionary force rooted