The Role of Energy Conservation in National Energy Security: Insights from Recent Regulatory Frameworks and Strategic Insights for the Asia-Pacific Connectivity Septiana Dwiputrianti* 1 , Retno Kusumastuti Hardjono 2 , Vishnu Juwono 3 , Tri Yuniningsih 4 , Endang Wirjatmi Tri Lestari 5 1,5 National Institute of Public Administration, School of Public Administration Campus Bandung 2,3 Faculty of Administrative Sciences, University of Indonesia 4 Department of Public Administration, University of Diponegoro Email: septiana.dwiputrianti@poltek.stialanbandung.ac.id * Abstract This article explores the pivotal role of energy conservation in fortifying national energy security within Indonesia's evolving regulatory frameworks. As the nation grapples with escalating energy demands and pressing climate challenges, this research underscores the integration of energy conservation strategies as a multifaceted approach to enhance sustainability and resilience. Through a qualitative analysis of Government Regulation No. 33 of 2023 and Presidential Regulation No. 22 of 2017, the study highlights the necessity of establishing functional oversight roles within public institutions to bridge implementation gaps and ensure effective compliance. The findings reveal that energy conservation is an environmental necessity and a strategic economic imperative capable of yielding substantial benefits across various sectors, including industry, transportation, and residential. Furthermore, this investigation advocates for stakeholder collaboration, proposing a robust legal framework to empower energy conservation professionals and stimulate community engagement in achieving national energy objectives and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By situating Indonesia's regulatory experiences within the broader Asia-Pacific connectivity landscape, the study seeks to provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners to navigate the complexities of energy governance and sustainable development in a rapidly changing global environment. Keywords: energy conservation; national energy security; regulatory frameworks; sustainable development; greenhouse gas emissions; Asia-Pacific connectivity; energy efficiency Introduction This study employs a multidisciplinary approach to examine the critical importance of energy conservation for national energy security, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. It aims to uncover actionable insights through qualitative analyses of regulatory documents, stakeholder interviews, and expert consultations. A vital aspect is the integration of dedicated oversight roles in governmental and local institutions to effectively implement energy conservation policies. These policies should align with international frameworks such as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing collaborative stakeholder engagement for meaningful outcomes. Figure 1 illustrates Indonesia's energy consumption trends from 1965 to 2022 across key sectors—industry, transportation, and residential. It highlights a significant rise in energy use, especially in industrial and transportation sectors, underscoring the need for targeted energy conservation initiatives. The industrial sector represents a major portion of Indonesia's energy demand, necessitating policies that support efficient and green technologies. The transportation sector, driven by increased mobility and tourism, could enhance emissions reduction through public transport and renewable energy vehicles. The residential sector, too, faces rising energy demands due to population growth, hence requiring policies that