Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, Vol. 6, Issue (2/2), December 2022 93 Problems in the Ancient Egyptian Peasant's Life Manar M. Bediwy 1 , Magdi Fekri 2 , Reem El-khodary 3 Maher Hammam 4 1, 2, 3, 4 Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, University of Sadat City, Egypt Abstract There were some problems broke the calm of the life of the ancient Egyptian peasant, either these problems were caused by nature, or by human. For instance, inundation, diseases, dangerous creatures were caused by the nature, while taxation with its various types was so heavy and burden the peasant, without regarding the circumstances of the peasant, robbing, punishment, hard continuous work, were from the problems caused by human. The research will discuss these problems in detail and will show how the ancient Egyptian peasant dealt with them. Key words: peasant, problems, taxation, inundation, robbing, disease, and health. Introduction The ancient Egyptian peasant was patient, struggler, and hard worker. However the poor man was full of joy, he faced a lot of problems. If good fortune came to a poor person, it was not considered a blessing or a credit to him, but a sign that something was wrong with the world. 1 There were some problems broke the calm of the life of peasants, either they were caused by the nature, such as: inundation, diseases, dangerous creatures, or by human, such as: taxation and punishment. For instance; inundation, which paralyzed the peasant's works in his land, in addition that too high flood could destroy irrigation works, food stores and livestock, 2 while low flood changed the quantity of the crops, resulted in food shortages and famine. 3 The harsh life, taxation with its various types was so heavy and burden the peasant, without regarding the circumstances of the peasant, poverty, hard continuous work, 1 Brier, B. and Hobbs, H., Daily life of the ancient Egyptians, 2nd ed., The Greenwood Press, Westport, 2008, p.67. 2 Katary, S., "Agriculture Pharaonic Egypt", In: Bagnall, R., et.al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Blackwell Publishing LTD, p.214-217, 2013, p.214; Noaman, M.N. and El-Qousy, D., "Hydrology of the Nile and Ancient Agriculture", In: Satoh, M. and Aboulroos, S. (eds.), Irrigated Agriculture in Egypt: Past, Present and Future, Springer, Switzerland, p.9-28, 2017, p.18; Butzer, K.W., "Long-Term Nile Flood Variation and Political Discontinuities in Pharaonic Egypt", In: C. J. Desmond & B. A. Steven (Eds.), From hunters to farmers , University of California Press, Berkeley, p.102-112, 1984, p.105. 3 Christensen, W., Empire of Ancient Egypt, Chelsea House, New York, 2009, p.10; Butzer, From hunters to farmers , p.105; Noaman & El-Qousy, Irrigated Agriculture in Egypt, p.18; Simpson, W.K., The Literature of Ancient Egypt, Yale University press, London, 2003, p.390; Allen, J., The Heqanakht papyri: Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 27, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2002, p.171; Coulon, L., "Famine", UEE , 2008, p.1; Hassan, F. A., "Droughts, Famine and the Collapse of the Old Kingdom: Re-Reading Ipuwer." In: Hawass Z. A. and Richards, J. (eds.), The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of David B. O'Connor, Vol. I, Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte, Cahier no. 36. Supreme Council of Antiquities, Cairo, p.357- 377, 2007, p.359; . دوﻣﯿﻨﯿﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﺒﯿﻞ و ﺟﻮﻧﯿﻔﯿﯿﻒ ھﻮﺳﻮن، واﻟ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ اﻷواﺋﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺑﺎطﺮة اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن، ) ت. ( ﻓﺆاد اﻟﺪھﺎن، دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺎت و اﻟﻨﺸﺮ و اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ، اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة،1995 ، ص. 97