INTRODUCTION
Growth can be defined as an increase in body size
per unit of time (Tompić et al., 2011). Modeling growth
curves of animals is a necessary tool for optimizing
the management and efficiency of animal production
(Köhn et al., 2007). However, growth can only be at-
tained under nonlimiting conditions. For example, food
needs to be available ad libitum; the nutrient content
must at least meet the required ratios in relation to
energy; intake must not be constrained by the bulk of
the food or the presence of toxins; and environmental
factors such as high temperature and disease must not
constrain intake (Emmans and Kyriazakis, 1999). An
animal’s genetic potential for growth can described in
terms of its growth curve (Emmans and Fisher, 1986).
The available literature on ostrich growth used data
from South African farms and modeled only the Gom-
pertz growth function (du Preez et al., 1992; Cilliers et
al., 1995; Cooper, 2005). In Brazil, ostrich production
began in 1995 with the importation of the first animals
from Italy (Carrer et al., 2005). In 2006, the estimated
number of commercially farmed birds in the country
was 335,425, according to the Brazilian Ostrich-Rear-
ing Yearbook (Anuário da Estrutiocultura Brasileira,
2005/2006). Despite the size of the national flock, no
studies describing its growth are available. The objec-
tive of this study was to fit growth curves using non-
linear and linear functions to describe the growth of
ostriches in the Brazilian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data used for the growth analysis came from
commercial flocks and were provided by the Brazilian
Ostrich Rearers’ Association (Associação dos Criadores
de Avestruz do Brasil), based in São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
This institute approved the use of this data to perform
this research. A total number of 441 BW records from
58 hens and 54 cockerels measured from hatching to 383
d of age were used. The animals were crossbreds from
the African Black, Red Neck, and Blue Neck breeds.
The exact proportions of these genetic groups within
each animal were unknown.
Figure 1 shows animals of the African Black breed.
Figure 1a shows a triplet consisting of 1 cockerel (at
the center) and 2 hens. They are 8-yr-old animals with
an approximate BW of 150 kg and approximate height
of 2.20 m. Figure 1b shows 8-mo-old male and female
chicks, with no visible sexual differentiation in plum-
age, with approximate BW and height of 75 kg and
1.80 m, respectively.
After the chicks had hatched, they were weighed,
tagged around the neck for identification, and trans-
Growth curves for ostriches (Struthio camelus) in a Brazilian population
S. B. Ramos,* S. L. Caetano,* R. P. Savegnago,* B. N. Nunes,* A. A. Ramos,† and D. P. Munari*
1
*Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias,
Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal,
São Paulo, Brazil; and †Departamento de Produção e Exploração Animal, Faculdade de Medicina
Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to fit
growth curves using nonlinear and linear functions to
describe the growth of ostriches in a Brazilian popula-
tion. The data set consisted of 112 animals with BW
measurements from hatching to 383 d of age. Two non-
linear growth functions (Gompertz and logistic) and
a third-order polynomial function were applied. The
parameters for the models were estimated using the
least-squares method and Gauss-Newton algorithm.
The goodness-of-fit of the models was assessed using R
2
and the Akaike information criterion. The R
2
calculat-
ed for the logistic growth model was 0.945 for hens and
0.928 for cockerels and for the Gompertz growth model,
0.938 for hens and 0.924 for cockerels. The third-order
polynomial fit gave R
2
of 0.938 for hens and 0.924 for
cockerels. Among the Akaike information criterion cal-
culations, the logistic growth model presented the low-
est values in this study, both for hens and for cockerels.
Nonlinear models are more appropriate for describing
the sigmoid nature of ostrich growth.
Key words: growth, nonlinear models, ostrich, Struthio camelus
2013 Poultry Science 92:277–282
http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02380
PRODUCTION, MODELING, AND EDUCATION
277
Received April 3, 2012.
Accepted September 8, 2012.
1
Corresponding author: danisio@fcav.unesp.br
©2013 Poultry Science Association Inc.
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