https://doi.org/10.1177/10443894251321346
Families in Society: The Journal of
Contemporary Social Services
1–31
© The Author(s) 2025
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DOI: 10.1177/10443894251321346
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Article
1321346FIS XX X 10.1177/10443894251321346Families in SocietyWollenhall et al.
research-article 2025
1
MSW, research scientist, University of Washington,
Seattle, USA
2
PhDc, MSW, MPA, research scientist, University of
Washington, Seattle, USA
3
PhD, MSW, research scientist, University of
Washington, Seattle, USA
4
PhD, research scientist, University of Washington,
Seattle, USA
5
PhD, MSW, associate professor, University of
Washington, Seattle, USA
Corresponding Author:
Sierra Wollenhall, research scientist, School of Social
Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue
North East, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Email: slwollen@uw.edu
Scoping Review of Worker
Characteristics and Competencies
That Support Youth Engagement
in Child Welfare Case Planning
Sierra Wollenhall
1
, Alanna Feltner
2
, Lori Vanderwill
3
,
John Fowler
4
, and Angelique Day
5
Abstract
Youth engagement in case planning has garnered attention in recent years from scholars and
practitioners alike due to its documented benefits for service recipients and providers. The
authors conducted a scoping review to understand what is known about the competencies
and characteristics that support child welfare workers to engage with youth. The 125
included articles revealed nine competencies for child welfare workers (partnering with youth,
communication and listening skills, building trusting relationships, strength-based approach,
prepare and inform youth, advocate for youth, knowledge of adolescent development, trauma-
informed care, and cultural humility) and three characteristics (committed, flexibility, and self-
awareness) that support successful youth engagement. The findings may be used to develop
targeted competency-based recruitment, hiring, and training materials for child welfare workers
and to inform new policy development.
Keywords
child welfare, subjects of practice, authentic engagement, professional issues, modes of practice,
partnership, working alliance/client-worker relationship, social workers, public health and social
work
Manuscript received: September 20, 2024; Revised: December 2, 2024; Accepted: January 17, 2025
Disposition editor: Cristina Mogro-Wilson
Introduction
There is growing professional interest in
engaging youth and families in child welfare
planning activities to improve equity and case
outcomes (Toros et al., 2018). Prior research
indicates that engaging youth in their own
permanency planning improves permanency
and transition-related outcomes while enhanc-
ing both youth and agency wellbeing (Salazar
et al., 2021). Youth involvement expands
permanency options, resulting in fewer chil-
dren leaving care without a connection to a
stable, consistent adult (Salazar et al., 2018;