1 The Pen and the Sword: Shimon ben Shetach's Dual Strategy Against Magical Thinking Saul Gefen Brooklyn, NY Email: sauldmusic@gmail.com Hershey H. Friedman, Ph.D. Professor of Business Koppelman School of Business Department of Management, Marketing & Entrepreneurship Brooklyn College, CUNY email: x.friedman@att.net Abstract This paper investigates Shimon ben Shetach's (c. 120-40 BCE) systematic campaign against sorcery during his tenure as Nasi of the Sanhedrin. Drawing on Talmudic narratives, the study highlights his dual approach: direct confrontation, exemplified by the execution of 80 sorceresses in Ashkelon, and proactive preventive measures. His most significant achievement was the establishment of universal education for children, a recognition that widespread ignorance fostered superstitious practices. The paper further examines key incidents that illustrate his ethical resolve, courage in challenging royal authority, and personal sacrifices made in the pursuit of justice. Finally, incorporating Maimonides' philosophical insights, this study demonstrates how Shimon's anti-sorcery efforts fundamentally safeguarded Jewish monotheism against idolatrous influences, ultimately establishing educational foundations that proved more enduring than punitive actions alone. Keywords: Shimon ben Shetach, witchcraft, Jewish education, Sanhedrin, Talmud, monotheism, Maimonides, ancient Israel.