IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology 2020;5(2):77–83 Content available at: iponlinejournal.com IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology Journal homepage: www.ipinnovative.com Review Article A comprehensive review on current strategies and developments in treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy Shubhada V Mangrulkar 1, *, Dinesh Chaple 2 , Sukanya Korewar 1 , Priyanka Mazumdar 1 , Twinkle Charde 1 1 Dept. of Pharmacology, Priyadarshini J L College of Pharmacy Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 2 Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Priyadarshini J L College of Pharmacy Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 30-06-2020 Accepted 11-07-2020 Available online 25-07-2020 Keywords: Skeletal muscle atrophy Emerging treatment Ultrasound therapy Herbal drugs Nutraceuticals ABSTRACT Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is most remarkable example of multiple changes in physiological state and leads to morbidity. The predominance of skeletal muscle atrophy and the effect of this issue on the patient and family underscore the requirement for effective treatment strategies. Skeletal muscle has the capability of restoration after injury but can be evoked by various pathological conditions. Main body: Treatments that can increase muscle mass and physical performance might be a promising alternative. The aim of review is to give comprehensive overview over the epidemiology of current potential treatment strategies of muscle atrophy. This review is focused on various treatments strategies like herbal treatment, synthetic drugs, physical therapy, focused ultrasound therapy, and emerging medication etc. which promotes skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration. Conclusion: The fact is that the reported drugs are not efficiently targeting every proteolytic system. There is the need for combinational treatment and developing a novel approach to treat skeletal muscle wasting. © 2020 Published by Innovative Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) 1. Introduction Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in human body, which has the ability of rejuvenation up to the certain threshold of injury. Muscle atrophy is one of the social problem detected. Muscle atrophy is the loss of muscle mass fiber and its strength which losses its capability of regeneration after muscle injuries like high energy traffic accidents, blast distress, combat injuries, surgical and orthopedic situations, etc. 1 Many pathological conditions like cachexia, diabetes, sepsis, starvation, metabolic acidosis, chronic kidney disease, immobilization, obesity etc. leads to muscle atrophy. 2 There is imbalance between catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways. 3 The increased prevalence of muscle atrophy is observed over * Corresponding author. E-mail address: shubhadamangrulkar@gmail.com (S. V. Mangrulkar). the population due to age, metabolic disorders and changed lifestyle many peoples of rural and urban are in misery with muscle atrophy. 4 Various pathological conations alters the anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways. In muscle, IGF-1 is stimulated by mechanical stacking and contraction to which IGF receptor (IGFR) is activated in the cell to allow for membrane bound protein signaling pathways to become active. IGF-1 is secreted from muscle fibers into the extracellular matrix (ECM) to which it is bound by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). 18135–18140. The half-life of IGF-1 is just 5–10 min, these pools of IGFBPs must be local to the ECM. Upon binding to IGFBPs, IGF-1 stimulates its receptor to which intracellular signaling processes driving MPS can occur. 5 GF-1 enters the cell via IGFR, it triggers phosphoinositide 3-kinase (P13-K) to generate phosphatidylinositol -bisphosphate (PIP2), leading to the production of phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcaap.2020.017 2581-5555/© 2020 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved. 77