Commentary
Editor:
Liam Clarke
Submission address:
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of
Brighton, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road,
Eastbourne, BN20 7UR, UK
Burnard (2007): autoethnography or a
realist account?
This commentary is written in response to an earlier
publication in the Journal of Psychiatric and Mental
Health Nursing by Burnard (2007), ‘Seeing the psy-
chiatrist: an autoethnographic account’.
Nigel: ‘So Alec, what did you think of the
Burnard article?’
Alec: ‘Well I admired his honesty in telling us
about his meeting with the psychiatrist. I was
unsure though what I had learnt about autoethnog-
raphy. What did you think?’
Nigel: ‘I thought it read like a realist account of
his experience rather than autoethnography (Ellis
& Bochner 2000). I was disappointed as I was
looking forward to reading it. I thought Burnards
account was just that: an account.’
Alec: ‘Yeah. I was left unsure about what this
encounter felt like for him. Whilst he makes refer-
ence to key writers of autoethnography he does very
little to explain what autoethnography is or can be.’
Nigel: ‘I did recognise the Duckart (2007) list
but there was no reference to the evocative nature
of autoethnography. My understanding is that
autoethnographic writing anticipates evoking an
empathic and emotional response in its readers. I
felt mildly irritated by it, sort of frustrated.’
Alec: ‘That’s interesting. So it sounds like he
might have prompted an evocative response in us?
Is this an example of what Barthes (1977) meant by
the “Death of the author”. It is the way that we, as
the reader, interpret and experience the article that
is important?’
Nigel: ‘I wonder if this is autoethnography at
work then? He is telling us about how he experi-
enced some of the consultation.’
Alec: ‘Hmm. Do you remember we read that
Ellis (2004) says that one of the goals of autoeth-
nography is to write meaningfully and evocatively
about topics that matter to us? My understanding
of this is that we do not look for evocative moments
we experience them. Tell me more about what you
mean by “a realist account”.’
Nigel: ‘Well his article takes on many of the
guises of what I consider to be a realist account. Let
me give you some examples. He tells us that the
paper is laid out in a form of a map of the interview
and closes with a summary of his findings and a
critical review. I understand autoethnography to be
an opportunity to show self-expression in qualita-
tive methodologies where academic focus has often
hindered subjective experiences. Does that make
sense?’
Alec: ‘Yes. I also think that autoethnography can
be a journey away from the normal and predictable.
While autoethnographers write about themselves
the goal is to touch “a world beyond the self of the
writer” (Ellis & Bochner 1996, p. 24). In that sense
autoethnography is what autoethnographers do.
Much of Burnards writing reads as a very tradi-
tional and in my opinion is predictable. The paper is
written in a particular format that follows a pattern
that is unsurprising. I wonder if he is trying this
approach on for size?’
Nigel: ‘Did you notice as well the way Burnard
makes regular shifts between the third and first
person? For example at one point he says “The
writer is a healthcare professional” . . . then “I am
an insider”. This way of representing himself
undermines his claims to have produced an
autoethnography.’
Alec: ‘It left me wondering how binary explana-
tions “sit” with the subjective experience of the
writer. Are we not ourselves wherever we are? Auto-
ethnography acknowledges our multiple selves
and multiple representations of the self and some
autoethnographers would suggest that autoethno-
graphic writing displays many different layers of
our thinking, connecting the personal to the cul-
tural (Ellis & Bochner 1996). His article seems to
describe his visit to the psychiatrist on different
levels; different layers of thinking. His presentation
is what he considers to be an autoethnographic
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2009, 16, 196–198
196 © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd