Journal of Material Science and Mechanical Engineering (JMSME)
Print ISSN: 2393-9095; Online ISSN: 2393-9109; Volume 2, Number 10; April-June, 2015 pp. 18-23
© Krishi Sanskriti Publications
http://www.krishisanskriti.org/jmsme.html
Qualification of Upper Stage Composite
Rocket Motor Casing
Lokesh Srivastava
1
, V. Veena
2
, S.K. Behera
3
, J.K. Mishra
4
, A.S. Srinivas Gopal
5
1,2,3,4,5
ASL Hyderabad, DRDO
E-mail:
1
veena.drdo@gmail.com
Abstract—Qualification approach of upper stage Composite Rocket
Motor Casing (CRMC) fabricated by Filament winding methodology
is presented in this paper.The Qualification and validation of CRMC
as a system to a level of flawlessness begins with stringent quality
requirements for manufacturing as there are no standard procedures
available.This paper also discussesan insight of various stringent
quality control requirementsat each and every stepprogressing right
from raw materials to in-process checks/inspections during
manufacturing and final component acceptance/qualification test,
which are important for process improvement leading to reliability
enhancement, cost reduction, and schedule optimization. Design
validation starts right from the selection of composite raw materials
by characterizing their physical andmechanical properties and entire
cycle of processing where there is no scope for post corrective action
for any major non-conformance condition.The mechanical and
physical properties thus obtained from material characterization will
define the basic material properties required to be considered for
design.The results obtained arealso utilized to understand structural
characteristics of filament woundpressure vessels with integrated end
domes.Based on our experiences during the development of different
configurations of CRMC’s and subsequent results of non-destructive
testing (NDT), Acceptance & Qualification testing a conclusion is
arrived at on the effectiveness to realize consistent quality products.
Keywords: Acceptance test, Burst Test, Composite Rocket Motor
Casing, Filament Winding, Non-Destructive Testing, Proof Pressure
Test, Qualification Test, Static Test and Structural Load Test.
1. INTRODUCTION
A rocket motor casing is basically a pressure vesselwith two
end domes designed to withstand high pressures.A typical
rocket motor casing alsoincorporates an integral fore and aft
end skirt attachments.
Composite materials withtheir higher specific strength,
specific modulus and strength tailoribility characteristics
willresult in reduction of weight of the structure. The choice of
composite as primary material in design and manufacturing of
the casing is dictated by the fact that the performance factor
(‘n’ = PV/W) is consistently higher for composite casings as
compared to that of metallicones. The casing is insulated
internally by nitrile based rubber to protect from hot
combustion gases.
The key aspects of Quality Assurance which are involved and
of great importance during the entire manufacturing cycle &
various mandatory acceptance/ qualification testing are
discussed in this paper.As the realization of CRMC is process
dominant, a greater focus is placed on understanding and
controlling the critical process parameters which affects the
overall quality of CRMC [3].
The upper stage CRMCis designedto achieve increase volume
of propellant, better specific impulse, weight saving (strength
tailoribility, higher specific strength & modulus, versatility of
filament winding), higher manufacturing rate, no stress
corrosion cracking,lower Factor of Safety (FOS)and higher
performance factor. Full scale burst test, structural load test
and static tests are done to evaluate design adequacy and to
demonstrate fabrication concepts.
The overall qualification approach is divided into three
categories - Material characterization, In-process tests and
Full-scaleAcceptance Test (AT)&QualificationTest (QT).
2. BRIEF ON CONSTRUCTION DETAIL AND
DESIGN ASPECTS
2.1 Construction Details
The general arrangement of casing comprises of
a) Composite Casing
It takes primarily the internal pressure load.
b) The Encapsulated Metallic Polar Boss
The metallic bosses reinforce the vessel ends whereas, the
encapsulating rubber accommodates the differential
deformation between metal and composite.
c) Igniter & Nozzle end Skirt Sub-assembly
Studs are provided for fastening to respective airframe
sections at both ends.To prevent galvanic corrosion on
aluminum bulkhead, an in-situ protective layer of E-
glass/epoxy is provided. Typically, a combination of shear-
plies of nitrile based rubber is laid-up around the skirt at the
Y-joint. Skirts are realized and analyzed for axial
compression & Bending moment.