International Journal of Geosciences, 2024, 15, 40-53 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg ISSN Online: 2156-8367 ISSN Print: 2156-8359 DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2024.151004 Jan. 31, 2024 40 International Journal of Geosciences The Impact of Model Based Offset Scaling Technique on the Amplitude Variation with Offset Responses from 3D Seismic Data Acquired from the Tano Basin, Offshore Ghana Striggner Bedu-Addo * , Sylvester Kojo Danuor, Aboagye Menyeh Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Abstract Amplitudes have been found to be a function of incident angle and offset. Hence data required to test for amplitude variation with angle or offset needs to have its amplitudes for all offsets preserved and not stacked. Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO)/Amplitude Variation with Angle (AVA) is ne- cessary to account for information in the offset/angle parameter (mode con- verted S-wave and P-wave velocities). Since amplitudes are a function of the converted S- and P-waves, it is important to investigate the dependence of amplitudes on the elastic (P- and S-waves) parameters from the seismic data. By modelling these effects for different reservoir fluids via fluid substitution, various AVO geobody classes present along the well and in the entire seismic cube can be observed. AVO analysis was performed on one test well (Well_1) and 3D pre-stack angle gathers from the Tano Basin. The analysis involves creating a synthetic model to infer the effect of offset scaling techniques on amplitude responses in the Tano basin as compared to the effect of unscaled seismic data. The spectral balance process was performed to match the am- plitude spectra of all angle stacks to that of the mid (26˚) stack on the test lines. The process had an effect primarily on the far (34˚ - 40˚) stacks. The frequency content of these stacks slightly increased to match that of the near and mid stacks. In offset scaling process, the root mean square (RMS) ampli- tude comparison between the synthetic and seismic suggests that the am- plitude of the far traces should be reduced relative to the nears by up to 16%. However, the exact scaler values depend on the time window consid- ered. This suggests that the amplitude scaling with offset delivered from seismic processing is only approximately correct and needs to be checked How to cite this paper: Bedu-Addo, S., Danuor, S.K. and Menyeh, A. (2024) The Impact of Model Based Offset Scaling Tech- nique on the Amplitude Variation with Offset Responses from 3D Seismic Data Acquired from the Tano Basin, Offshore Ghana. Inter- national Journal of Geosciences, 15, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2024.151004 Received: December 28, 2023 Accepted: January 28, 2024 Published: January 31, 2024 Copyright © 2024 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access