JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION 13(2), JUNE, 2025
ISSN: 2277-0011; Journal homepage: www.atbuftejoste.com.ng
Corresponding author: Musa Ibrahim
musa.ibrahim@bazeuniversity.edu.ng
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria.
© 2025. Faculty of Technology Education. ATBU Bauchi. All rights reserved
508
Comparative Analysis of the Compressive Strength of Metakaolin
Sandcrete Blocks and Sandcrete Blocks Incorporating Selected
Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Musa Ibrahim
Department of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering,
Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the effect of partially substituting metakaolin
(MK) and some selected supplementary cementitious materials (such
as Olive Seed Ash, Maize Cob Ash, Millet Husk Ash, and Guinea Corn
Husk Ash) for cement on the hollow Sandcrete blocks compressive
strength. Sandcrete hollow blocks measuring 225 x 225 x 450 mm
were made using a 1:6 mix ratio, which is one part cement to six parts
fine aggregate (sand). The study was carried out by comparing the
compressive strength of Sandcrete blocks produced at 10% and 20%
replacement of Metakaolin and other selected supplementary
cementitious materials to assess the impact on the hollow Sandcrete
block’s strength. The result of compressive strength of metakaolin and
some selected SCMs was analyzed and compared after 28 days of
curing. The compressive strength of all the SCM-based hollow
Sandcrete block samples for this study ranges from 2.16 N/mm² and
4.50 N/mm² at 0% (control), 1.73 N/mm² and 4.05 N/mm² at 10%, and
1.50 N/mm² and 3.15 N/mm² at 20% replacement of cement with SCM.
Sandcrete blocks made with Millet Husk Ash had the highest
compressive strength, followed by those made with Maize Cob Ash,
Olive Seed Ash, Metakaolin and Guinea Corn Hush Ash with 4.50,
4.30, 3.82, 3.51 and 2.16 N/mm² respectively which meet the
requirement specified by Nigeria Industrial Standard NIS 87 (2000),
BS 6073, and National Building Code (2006) except Guinea Corn
Hush Ash and are adequate for usage as non-bearing and load-
bearing structures in areas where moisture infiltration may occur.
Sandcrete blocks produced at 20% replacement of cement with SCM
can all be used as non-bearing walls except Guinea Corn Hush Ash,
which does not meet the minimum requirement specified by various
codes. It can be concluded that 10% and 20% replacement of cement
with other SCM can be effectively substituted with 10% and 20% as
cement in structural Sandcrete blocks, and the quality of materials will
not be compromised.
INTRODUCTION
Sandcrete block is a composite
construction material primarily made up of
cement, sand, and water, which are moulded into
a variety of sizes (Odeyemi et al., 2018). Despite
the introduction of new materials like life bricks
and modified clay blocks, Sandcrete blocks
appear to be an improvement over the currently
available materials. The construction industry is a
vital economic sector in developing countries like
Nigeria. Sandcrete blocks are widely used in
Nigeria and virtually all African countries for the
ARTICLE INFO
Article History
Received: December, 2024
Received in revised form: January, 2025
Accepted: May, 2025
Published online: June, 2025
KEYWORDS
Ash, Compressive Strength, Metakaolin,
Sandcrete Blocks, Supplementary
Cementitious Materials