Jurnal ILMU DASAR, Vol. 24 No. 2, Juli 2023 : 121-128 121 Journal homepage: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JID Karakterisasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra) Kota Pontianak dan Aktivitasnya Terhadap Streptococcus mutans Characterization of The essential oil of Eucalyptus Leaves (Melaleuca leucadendra) from Pontianak City and Its Activity Against Streptococcus mutans Muhamad Agus Wibowo 1*) , Rendi 1 , Warsida 2 , Puji Ardiningsih 1 , Afghani Jayuska 1 1 Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Tanjungpura 2 Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Tanjungpura *E-mail: m.agus.wibowo@chemistry.untan.ac.id ABSTRACT Eucalyptus plants can grow in the city of Pontianak, which is an area with peat soil, although in fact, this plant can grow well in swamps, sandy areas, and mangroves. The difference in the location where eucalyptus grows, causes a difference in the composition of the compounds contained in it, especially 1.8 cineol which is a potential compound to prevent dental caries. This study aims to isolate and characterize the essential oil of eucalyptus leaves from the city of Pontianak and determine its activity in inhibiting the S. mutans bacteria. This research was carried out in two stages: isolating, characterizing, and determining the chemical content of eucalyptus leaf essential oil from Pontianak using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The second stage was to test the antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans bacteria using the well diffusion method. The results of the isolation of essential oils obtained a yield of 0.58% (w/w) with a specific gravity characteristic of 0.9288 g/mL, a clear greenish-yellow color, and a characteristic smell of eucalyptus oil, and is soluble in 70% ethanol. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 29 compounds, with the main compound being 1.8 cineol as much as 55.71%. The results of the antibacterial activity test against S. mutans showed that the samples at all test doses were antibacteria with inhibition values of 9.03 mm (1.393 mg/well), 6.76 mm (0.697 mg/well), 6.53 mm (0.348 mg/well), and 5.39 mm (0.174 mg/well). The follow-up test showed that at all doses of the essential oil, it was bacteriostatic against S. mutans bacteria. From the study results, it can be concluded that Pontianak eucalyptus oil meets the standards of SNI 06-3954-2006 with 1.8 cineol as the main compound and has antibacteria properties against S. mutans. Keywords: Bioactivity, Eucalyptus, S. mutans. PENDAHULUAN Pontianak, merupakan daerah yang dilalui garis katulistiwa dan memiliki tanah yang sebagian besar berupa tanah gambut (Bapeda Pontianak, 2020). Walaupun bertanah gambut, di Pontianak juga dapat tumbuh tanaman kayu putih. Kemampuan ini karena kayu putih merupakan tumbuhan yang mampu tumbuh baik pada lahan-lahan marginal maupun di daerah rawa- rawa dan genangan air, mampu beradaptasi pada tanah dengan drainase jelek (Triana, 2018). Walaupun dapat tumbuh diduga memiliki kandungan kimia yang berbeda dengan kayu putih yang terdapat pada daerah lain. Kandungan senyawa pada minyak kayu putih diketahui akan beragam berdasarkan habitat tumbuhnya (Wibowo et al., 2021). Minyak kayu putih kota Singkawang yang merupakan daerah pesisir pantai yang berpasir memiliki kandungan 5 senyawa dominan yaitu 1.8 sineol (71,96%), α-terpineol (11,44%), β- caryopilen (1,78%), α-pinen (1,77%), dan β- pinen (1,66%) (Wibowo et al., 2021). Minyak kayu putih Desa Dolok Nauli, Kecamatan Parmaksian, Kabupaten Toba Samosir memiliki 5 kandungan senyawa dominan yang α-pinen (24,49%), 1.8 sineol (23,94%), β-pinen (17,03%), trans-caryopilen (9,66%), dan α- terpineol (8,96%) (Sembiring, 2019). Minyak kayu putih Yogyakarta juga memiliki kandungan senyawa dominan yang berbeda yaitu 1.8 sineol (46,46%), D (+) limonene (8,85%), β-caryopilen (6,14%), α-terpineol (5,39%), dan α-pinen (4,16%) (Pujiarti et al., 2011). Walaupun konposisi senyawa dominan berbeda, dari beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 1,8 sineol merupakan senyawa utama pada minyak kayu putih. Adanya senyawa 1,8 sineol memberikan bahwa minyak kayu putih berpotensi digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans (Purwaningtyas et al.,