Mathematics and Statistics 11(4): 703-709, 2023 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ms.2023.110412
Self-Adjoint Operators in Bilinear Spaces
Sabarinsyah
1,*
, Hanni Garminia
2
, Pudji Astuti
2
, Zelvin Mutiara Leastari
1
1
Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Batam, Indonesia
2
Algebra Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Received February 22, 2023; Revised May 24, 2023; Accepted June 11, 2023
Cite This Paper in the Following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Sabarinsyah, Hanni Garminia, Pudji Astuti, Zelvin Mutiara Leastari , "Self-Adjoint Operators in Bilinear
Spaces," Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 703 - 709, 2023. DOI: 10.13189/ms.2023.110412.
(b): Sabarinsyah, Hanni Garminia, Pudji Astuti, Zelvin Mutiara Leastari (2023). Self-Adjoint Operators in Bilinear
Spaces. Mathematics and Statistics, 11(4), 703 - 709. DOI: 10.13189/ms.2023.110412.
Copyright©2023 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract In this research, it was agreed that a bilinear
form is an extension of the inner product since a
symmetry bilinear form will be equivalent to the inner
product over a field of real numbers. Concepts in bilinear
space, such as the concept of orthogonality of two vectors,
the concept of orthogonal subspace of a subspace, the
concept of adjoint operators of a linear operator and the
concept of closed subspace are defined according to those
prevailing in the inner product space fact assumed to be
extensions of the concepts applicable in the inner product
space. In the context of a cap subspace, we can identify
the necessary and sufficient conditions for any linear
operator in a continuous Hilbert space. These results open
up opportunities to introduce the concept of
pseudo-continuous linear mapping in bilinear spaces. We
have obtained the result that pseudo-continuous linear
mapping spaces in bilinear spaces have a relationship with
linear mapping spaces that have adjoint mapping. We
have also obtained the result that the structure of linear
operators limited to Hilbert spaces can be extended to
pseudo-continuous operator structures in bilinearal spaces.
In this study, we have generalized the properties of
self-adjoint operators in product spaces in infinite
dimensions to bilinear, including closed properties of
addition operations, and scalar multiplication,
commutative properties, properties of inverse operators,
properties of zero operators, properties of polynomial
operators over real fields, and orthogonal properties of
eigenspaces of different eigenvalues.
Keywords Self-Adjoint Operator, Non-Degenerated
Bilinear Forms, Pseudo-Continuity
1. Introduction
The bilinear forms are very closely related to the inner
products. In any vector space over a field where a bilinear
form is defined, it is called a bilinear space. It generally
holds that a symmetry bilinear form will be equivalent to
the inner product over a field of real numbers. According to
this nature, in this research, it was agreed that a bilinear
form is an extension of the inner product. Since in the inner
product space, the concept of orthogonality of two vectors,
the concept of orthogonal subspace of a subspace, the
concept of adjoint operator of a linear operator and the
concept of closed subspace have been known, then in
bilinear space the concept is defined in the same way and
can be viewed as an extension of the concept that applies in
the inner product space.
2. Materials and Methods
We were able to identify the necessary and sufficient
condition for linear operators in Hilbert spaces being
continuous in terms of closed subspaces [1]. This fact gave
us the opportunity to introduce the pseudo-continuous
notion of linear mappings on bilinear spaces. We obtained
that the class of pseudo-continuous linear mappings on
bilinear spaces is nonetheless the class of linear mappings
that have adjoint mappings [2]. As a result, a class of
pseudo-continuous linear operators in a bilinear space
forms a subalgebra. It is interesting to see how far the
structure of the subalgebra of bounded linear operators on a
Hilbert space can be extended to the subalgebra of
pseudo-continuous operators in a bilinear space.