IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol. 14, No. 3, September 2025, pp. 332~338 ISSN: 2722-2586, DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp332-338  332 Journal homepage: http://ijra.iaescore.com River cleaning robot using Arduino microcontroller Dubala Ramadevi 1 , Kalagotla Chenchireddy 2 , Barkam Rekha 1 , Sunkari Prathyusha 1 , Koriginja Shravani 1 , Karnati Bhargavi 1 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Meerpet, India 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Jan 22, 2025 Revised Jun 11, 2025 Accepted Jul 10, 2025 River cleaning robots represent a promising technological solution to address the pervasive issue of water pollution in river systems. These autonomous devices are designed to collect and remove various types of debris from river environments, contributing to improved water quality and ecosystem health. This abstract summarizes the key aspects of river cleaning robots, including their technological advancements, operational mechanisms, and environmental impact. River cleaning robots have evolved significantly from early mechanical designs to sophisticated autonomous systems. Initially, these robots were equipped with basic skimming and collection mechanisms. Recent advancements have incorporated state-of-the-art technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and advanced sensor systems. Modern river cleaning robots can autonomously navigate complex river environments, detect and classify different types of debris, and operate efficiently with minimal human intervention. The operational capabilities of these robots are enhanced by various design features such as mobility systems, debris collection mechanisms, and renewable power sources. Mobility systems allow robots to maneuver through diverse water conditions, while collection mechanisms like nets, scoops, and suction devices enable effective debris removal. Many robots are powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, which contribute to their sustainability and reduce their environmental footprint. Keywords: Arduino Control system Robotic arm Sensors Servo motor This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Dubala Ramadevi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College Meerpet, Telangana, 500097, India Email: dubalarama@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION River pollution poses significant threats to human health, aquatic life, and ecosystems, with floating garbage being a particularly challenging issue to address. Wireless river-cleaning robots offer a promising solution by autonomously detecting and collecting floating waste without requiring human intervention. These robots, equipped with sensors like cameras, ultrasonic devices, and water quality sensors, use image processing to identify garbage, avoid obstacles, and navigate waterways safely. Additionally, a built-in collection system gathers floating debris, while data on the cleaning operations is stored on a website for monitoring. This paper focuses on designing and developing such a wireless robot to reduce water pollution, minimizes environmental impact, and protect aquatic life [1]–[5]. Waterlogging caused by plastic, thermocol, and metal waste leads to health issues like malaria and typhoid. Manual cleaning methods are inefficient and risky due to exposure to infectious microorganisms. This study proposes an effective garbage collection system designed to clean waste from rivers, channels, and lakes. The system targets floating debris, including litter, logs, and tires, and incorporates IoT technology for monitoring and control. The vessel is designed to operate in various