Civil Engineering and Architecture 13(3): 1668-1676, 2025 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130317
Fin Gabions: A Solution for River Bend Stability
Mas Mera, Yolanda Wulandari, Junaidi, Februarman
*
Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia
Received December 19, 2024; Revised February 5, 2025; Accepted March 17, 2025
Cite This Paper in the Following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Mas Mera, Yolanda Wulandari, Junaidi, Februarman , "Fin Gabions: A Solution for River Bend Stability,"
Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 1668 - 1676, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130317.
(b): Mas Mera, Yolanda Wulandari, Junaidi, Februarman (2025). Fin Gabions: A Solution for River Bend Stability.
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(3), 1668 - 1676. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130317.
Copyright©2025 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract River bends are susceptible to sedimentation
near the inner bend and erosion near the outer bend due to
uneven velocity distribution. This study investigates the
effectiveness of fin gabions in mitigating these issues
through physical modeling. Five experimental setups were
conducted in a laboratory flume: (1) Baseline: A leveled
sand bed with regular gabions placed on the outer bend; (2)
Lower Fin Gabion: A fin gabion embedded at the lower
part of the bend. This setup addresses topography issues
encountered in post-simulation of setup 1; (3) Mid-Bend
Fin Gabion: An additional fin gabion embedded at the
middle of the bend. Topography challenges in
post-simulation of setup 2 necessitated this configuration;
(4) Reinstalled Gabions: Reinstallation of all gabions from
setup 3. This setup is implemented to ensure that the
gabion configuration in setup 3 can maintain the baseline
without changing significantly; and (5) Surface-Placed
Gabions: All gabions placed on the surface without
embedding. This setup aims to ensure that the fin gabions
are firmly embedded. Results demonstrate that the fin
gabion configurations, especially setup 3, significantly
reduced sedimentation near the inner bend by up to 72%.
This reduction led to a more uniform flow distribution,
mitigating erosion at the outer bend. The findings highlight
the potential of fin gabions as an effective solution for
enhancing river bend stability.
Keywords Fin Gabion, Erosion, Sedimentation, Inner
Bend, Outer Bend
1. Introduction
River bends are prone to sedimentation near the inner
bend and erosion near the outer bend due to uneven
velocity distribution [1]. The higher velocity near the outer
bend leads to erosion and potential bank collapse [2].
Similar issues can arise around bridge pillars [3].
While rainfall can exacerbate erosion, especially during
extreme events, the most severe erosion often occurs at the
ends of the bend [4]. Bank protection structures like
gabions are particularly vulnerable at these locations, with
the lower end experiencing more rapid damage [5].
Gabions are often chosen due to their economic efficiency
and effectiveness [6, 7]. In addition to their role in bank
protection, gabions are also employed as weir structures
[8].
Conversely, the lower velocity near the inner bend
promotes sedimentation. The severity of both
sedimentation and erosion is influenced by the bend angle,
with sharper bends leading to more pronounced effects. In
sloping areas, factors like rainfall, topography, land use,
and soil type also contribute to sedimentation [9-11].
The combined impact of these factors can lead to the
failure of gabion structures [2]. While gabions are
commonly used for bank protection, Hasan and Toda
explored the use of groins in meandering rivers [12].
Numerical simulations indicated that cross-bar groins,
extending from the bank to the river's mid-channel, can
inadvertently increase erosion risk.
This research objective is to control sedimentation near
the inner bend of a flume bend by utilizing fin gabions
attached to regular gabions on the outer bend. While both
types of gabions have identical dimensions, their distinct
placements within the flume result in different functions.
The hypothesis is that fin gabions can effectively alter the
flow velocity distribution, shifting it from the outer bend
towards the inner bend. This present research employs
physical modeling to simulate sedimentation and erosion