1 Dr. Abdirahman Moalim Hassan Ibrahim is the Academic Director at Aden Adde International University, Somalia. He holds a PhD in Nursing Science, a Master’s in Health Service Management, and a Bachelor’s in Nursing. Founder of Irib Publication House, Irib International Academy, and Irib Diet Products, he is dedicated to advancing health, education, and publishing in Somalia.  Email: drabdirahmanmoalim@gmail.com | drabdirahman@aaiu.edu.so  Phone: +252 615 218 180  Website: iribbooks.com HERBAL MEDICINE IN MOGADISHU SOMALIA: CULTURAL PRACTICES, SAFETY CONCERNS, AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Abstract Background: Herbal medicine remains a fundamental component of healthcare in Somalia, deeply rooted in cultural traditions and widely practiced across communities. Despite its prevalence, the safety, efficacy, and public health implications of herbal remedies are often under- researched, and health professionals may lack formal training to guide patients in their use. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers regarding herbal medicine is critical for ensuring patient safety and integrating traditional practices into modern healthcare systems. Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the use of herbal medicine in Mogadishu, Somalia, focusing on cultural practices, safety concerns, and public health implications. Specifically, the study aimed to assess health professionals’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions regarding herbal remedies, the frequency of patient use and disclosure, and the potential benefits and risks associated with their utilization. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed. The study population included 120 health professionals—doctors, nurses, and midwives—working in hospitals and health centers in Mogadishu. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and awareness of herbal medicine, personal and observed use, perceptions of safety, and public health implications. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to summarize responses. Ethical approval was obtained, and participation was voluntary. Findings: The study revealed moderate knowledge of herbal medicine among health professionals, with only one-third having received formal training. Personal and patient use of herbal remedies was common, although patient disclosure was limited. A significant proportion of respondents expressed safety concerns, citing potential adverse effects, drug–herb interactions, and the risks of unsupervised use. Most participants acknowledged both the cultural importance of herbal medicine and the need for regulatory oversight. The findings also highlighted potential public health implications, including delayed access to formal healthcare and the need for public awareness campaigns and integration of safe practices into the healthcare system.