Civil Engineering and Architecture 13(4): 3081-3092, 2025 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130418
The Effect of Accelerometer Distance for Crack
Assessment Using Vibration-Based Method
Aina Irdina Md Rosni
1
, NH Abd Ghafar
1,*
, Tham Yee Mei
1
,
Nur Shahelly Mansor binti Mohamad Mansor
1
, Lyn Dee Goh
2
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
2
Civil Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Received December 25, 2024; Revised June 11, 2025; Accepted June 26, 2025
Cite This Paper in the Following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Aina Irdina Md Rosni, NH Abd Ghafar, Tham Yee Mei, Nur Shahelly Mansor binti Mohamad Mansor, Lyn Dee
Goh , "The Effect of Accelerometer Distance for Crack Assessment Using Vibration-Based Method," Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 3081 - 3092, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130418.
(b): Aina Irdina Md Rosni, NH Abd Ghafar, Tham Yee Mei, Nur Shahelly Mansor binti Mohamad Mansor, Lyn Dee
Goh (2025). The Effect of Accelerometer Distance for Crack Assessment Using Vibration-Based Method. Civil
Engineering and Architecture, 13(4), 3081 - 3092. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2025.130418.
Copyright©2025 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract In order for reinforced concrete (RC)
structures to remain structurally sound over time, damage
detection is essential, particularly when the building has
cracks. This pilot study examines the efficacy of a
vibration-based technique that employs varying
accelerometer distances to evaluate crack damage in
reinforced concrete (RC) specimens. Four RC specimens
were built; one was uncracked, and the other three had
induced cracks with dimensions of 50 mm for length and
10 mm for width, and depths of 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150
mm, respectively. To test the efficacy of the
vibration-based crack evaluation approach, a 10 mm crack
was purposefully created in the concrete structure. As a
way to ensure that the damage was significant enough to
affect the vibration response while still being
representative of typical structural damage scenarios, this
crack size was selected. Using an impact hammer and
accelerometers at 30 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, and 120 mm
distances, modal testing was carried out on specimens with
different crack depths. The first mode natural frequency
was ascertained by analyzing the experiment's data using
ARTeMIS software. The findings show that the smallest
deviations from the reference values determined by the
multiplier method, which is based on the finite element
method (FEM), are obtained at accelerometer distances of
40 mm and 120 mm. The locations of antinodes and nodes
are represented by these distances, respectively. The data
for uncracked specimens and those with a 120 mm crack
depth show notable differences from the computed values,
despite the fact that 30 mm is also close to both a node and
an antinode. The accelerometers may have been positioned
too closely together, which could have introduced signal
errors. These results provide important information about
how to best position sensors for vibration-based damage
detection in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In order to
lay the groundwork for future studies into smaller or more
intricate crack patterns, the goal is to assess whether this
method can accurately identify and describe cracks.
Keywords Induced Crack, Damage Detection,
Vibration, Natural Frequency
1. Introduction
Reinforced concrete (RC) is a material that is frequently
used in construction due to its high stiffness, fire resistance,
and affordability [1]. RC structures are still vulnerable to
various types of damage over time, though. One of the
most serious and common forms of damage is cracking,
which could indicate issues with the structural integrity of
the building. Cracks weaken a building's structure, which
affects both its safety and aesthetic appeal. Certain cracks
may not be dangerous right away, but they could cause
problems down the road, especially if maintenance or
repairs are neglected [2]. Fracture detection is important in
RC buildings because it can weaken the structure and, in