INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT & APPLIED SCIENCE (IJLTEMAS) ISSN 2278-2540 | DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS | Volume XIV, Issue VIII, August 2025 www.ijltemas.in Page 1083 Evaluating Electrocoagulation Techniques for Landfill Leachate Treatment in Urban Storm Water Systems Sayed Najibullah Hashimi, Dr. Nagendra. H.N School of Planning and Architecture, Manasa Gangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru-570006 https://doi.org/10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1408000138 DOI: Abstract: This work examines the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) as an eco-friendly and energy-efficient method for treating landfill leachate in the context of urban storm water management. EC was employed using three electrode configurations punched aluminium-steel, plain aluminium-steel, and plain aluminium - aluminium to evaluate their performance in removing key pollutants such as COD, BOD₅, and TSS. The tests were conducted on leachate samples from a landfill in Bangalore, India, by means of a lab-scale electrochemical reactor under constant voltage and varying electrode arrangements. Findings revealed that the punched aluminium - steel combination attained the highest pollutant removal efficiencies (up to 93.3% BOD, 91.8% COD, and 82.9% TSS) while consuming the least energy. The outcomes highlight that optimizing electrode design and spacing significantly enhances EC performance. The study supports integrating electrocoagulation into sustainable urban drainage strategies, emphasizing its role in mitigating leachate contamination and improving water quality in developing cities. Keywords: Electrocoagulation, landfill leachate, storm water management, BOD, COD, TSS, wastewater treatment, punched electrodes, urban planning, environmental engineering. I. Introduction Urban areas are increasingly facing critical challenges in managing wastewater due to rapid industrialization, population growth, and inadequate infrastructure [1]. Conventional wastewater treatment methods, often reliant on chemical processes, are not only expensive but also raise environmental concerns due to secondary pollution and chemical residues [2]. Urban wastewater frequently contains a complex mix of contaminants including heavy metals, suspended solids, and organic pollutants, which are difficult to treat effectively using traditional methods [3]. Moreover, as cities expand, the demand for clean water grows, putting additional pressure on already strained treatment systems [4]. In this context, innovative solutions such as electrocoagulation have emerged as promising alternatives that offer environmentally sustainable treatment by reducing chemical usage and improving removal efficiencies of key pollutants [5]. Electrocoagulation or is a physicochemical method utilized to purify wastewater [6]. The idea behind this procedure is that when wastewater is fed through an electrocoagulation cell, which is an assembly of conducting electrodes immersed in a chemical solution and used to generate chemical reactions with an electrical current, numerous reactions occur concurrently [1]. At first, a metal ion is introduced into the wastewater [2]. Freshwater is hydrolysed on the cathode's surface, yielding hydrogen gas and hydroxyl groups [3]. In the meantime, protons move freely, destabilizing surface charges on impurities [5]. As the reaction progresses, a huge floating form, trapping suspended particles, heavy metals, and other chemical contaminants [7]. As air entrainment continues, the development of flocs expands, and they can be removed by splitting them [8]. The productivity of the method is examined by varying several factors, including the choice of electrode materials based on their redox potentials, the quantities of catalysts used, the pH level of the wastewater, the sources of electrical supply, and the reaction time [6]. Electrocoagulation in urban planning filed the design of cities faces several issues, especially in terms of managing water resources sustainably [1]. As cities grow, so does the demand for clean water and effective treatment of wastewater [2]. Conventional approaches frequently use chemical modifications and can be expensive and detrimental to the environment [8]. Electrocoagulation (EC) emerges as a viable alternative, providing an innovative and environmentally beneficial method of purifying water [1]. Electrocoagulation is a procedure that utilizes electricity to remove substances from the water [3] [9]. It involves running an electric current through water, which causes metal electrodes (typically made of metal or iron) to release ions [10] [11]. These ions eliminate the electrons of contaminants, causing them to begin to stick together into bigger pieces that can be simply eliminated through dissolution or filtering [7]. Electrocoagulation, also called EC, is a physicochemical method for treating wastewater that employs electrical energy to filter water and remove contaminants, including pollutants like heavy metals, inorganic and organic chemicals, suspended particles, and microorganisms [12]. The approach is simple yet highly effective, and it provides enormous benefits in tackling city water supply concerns [5]. Electrocoagulation provides an environmentally friendly means to manage urban water resources [13] [14]. It promotes cleaner industrial production, increases water from urban redevelopment, and helps with the safeguarding of natural water bodies [15]. Cities that incorporate EC into their urban planning plans may fulfill the growing need for clean water while minimizing their ecological effects and paving the road for environmentally conscious and sustainable urban expansion [3]. Several industries in urban areas generate toxic sewage [16]. EC may efficiently treat this effluent, eliminating contaminants and assisting industry in