Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 38, No. 2, May 2025, pp. 897~903 ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i2.pp897-903  897 Journal homepage: http://ijeecs.iaescore.com A recurrent network technique for energy optimization in 6G networks with dynamic device-to-device communication Sonia Aneesh 1,2 , Alam N. Shaikh 3 1 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College (TSEC), Mumbai, India 2 A. P. Shah Institute of Technology, Thane, India 3 Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Vasantdada Patil Pratishthan’s College of Engineering and Visual Art, Mumbai, India Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Jun 3, 2024 Revised Nov 3, 2024 Accepted Nov 11, 2024 Energy efficiency has become a paramount concern in the design and deployment of 6G networks, driven by the exponential growth of connected devices and increasing traffic demands. For domain experts grappling with dynamic device-to-device (D2D) communication scenarios, optimizing energy consumption while maintaining reliable connectivity poses a significant challenge. To address this issue, we propose a novel recurrent network technique that dynamically configures D2D communication patterns, adaptively allocating temporary base stations among network nodes to enable efficient data transmission while minimizing energy expenditure. Our simulations demonstrate substantial energy savings, extended node lifetimes, and reliable performance, with a 37% reduction in overall network energy consumption and a 65% increase in average node lifetime compared to traditional cellular communication scenarios. In conclusion, this innovative approach paves the way for sustainable and energy efficient 6G communication systems, benefiting society by reducing operational costs, minimizing environmental impact, and prolonging the usability of mobile devices. Keywords: 6G Dynamic allocation Energy optimization Network lifetime Quality of service Recurrent network This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Sonia Aneesh Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Thadomal Shahani Engineering College (TSEC) Mumbai, India Email: saneesh@apsit.edu.in 1. INTRODUCTION With the advent of 6G networks, the demand for high-speed, low latency, and energy efficient communication systems has become paramount [1]. As the number of connected devices continues to grow exponentially, traditional cellular networks face significant challenges in meeting the increasing traffic demands while maintaining optimal energy consumption levels [2]. One promising solution to address this issue lies in the exploration of device-to-device (D2D) communication, which enables direct communication between nearby devices without relying solely on the base station infrastructure [3]. Traditional cellular networks often suffer from inefficient resource utilization, leading to increased energy consumption and network congestion [4]. As the density of connected devices rises, managing the energy efficiency of these networks becomes increasingly complex [5]. The integration of D2D communication can offer a viable alternative by allowing devices in close proximity to exchange data directly, bypassing the base station and reducing the overall traffic load on the network infrastructure [6]. However, the successful implementation of D2D communication requires careful consideration of factors such as network topology, device mobility, and energy constraints [7]. The literature highlights the importance of D2D communication