Research Article Open Access Meligy et al., J Oral Hyg Health 2018, 6:1 DOI: 10.4172/2332-0702.1000235 Review Article Open Access Journal of Oral Hygiene & Health J o u r n a l o f O r a l H y g i e n e & H e a l t h ISSN: 2332-0702 Volume 6 • Issue 1 • 1000235 J Oral Hyg Health, an open access journal ISSN: 2332-0702 Keywords: Resin infiltration; Dental caries; Carious lesions; Caries infiltration; Icon DMG Introduction Dental caries is a major public health concern commonly affecting children in their early childhood. It has a negative impact on children’s’ oral as well as general health [1]. e caries prevalence rate in the Jeddah city has ranged from 70 to 76% in 6-year-old children [2]. Special attention has been devoted to early proximal carious lesions, with maximum preservation of tooth structure [3]. is is mainly because restorative therapy for interproximal lesions requires removal of a substantial amount of sound tissue and this brings tooth into a circle of treatment and retreatment [4]. erefore, early detection and treatment of such lesions will limit the need for invasive treatment in the future. Restoring the tooth structure by dental filling and restoration was the first choice for treating dental caries [5], but in the last years, the treatment has been changed from the large invasive technique to noninvasive or minimal invasive preventive techniques [6]. Several noninvasive techniques have been developed to treat early caries lesions [7]. Smooth surfaces caries, have benefited from the preventive effects of fluoride agents, such as fluoride toothpaste and fluoridated water. Fluoride application improves the re-mineralization process of the demineralized tooth structure [8]. It was reported that the application of Duraphat fluoride varnish twice per year with 6 months’ interval, significantly reduces the incidence of proximal caries [9]. Sealants were first introduced to protect the pit and fissure surfaces in the 1960s by Cueto and Buonocore [10], as a part of preventive programs to protect pits and fissures on the occlusal tooth surfaces from dental caries. Such sealants prevented dental decay by preventing the growth of bacteria that cause dental caries [11]. e prevalence of decay was decreased in the industrialized *Corresponding author: Omar Abd El Sadek El Meligy, Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel: +966122871660; Fax: +966126403316; E-mail: omeligy@kau. edu.sa. Received: December 12, 2017; Accepted: December 18, 2017; Published: January 10, 2018 Citation: Meligy OAESE, Ibrahim STE, Alamoudi NM (2018) Resin Infiltration of Non-Cavitated Proximal Caries Lesions: A Literature Review. J Oral Hyg Health 6: 235. doi: 10.4172/2332-0702.1000235 Copyright: © 2018 Meligy OAESE, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Background: Noninvasive measures involving fluoridation, dietary control, and oral hygiene instruction, as well as invasive restorative methods, are the standard treatment options for interproximal caries. Intermediate treatment options, similar to pit-and-fissure sealing on occlusal surfaces that has been shown to be effective in preventing and inhibiting caries, have not yet been established on interproximal surfaces. Recently, the application of resins on interproximal caries lesions has been studied and improved, leading to the development of new materials, which infiltrate and seal the carious lesion, improving the inhibition of caries progression. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to revise the in vivo and in vitro scientific evidence of the ability of resin infiltration (RI) to arrest non-cavitated proximal caries lesions. Materials and methods: Electronic search of English scientific papers from 2007 to 2017 was accomplished using Pub Med search engine. The keywords used were ‘resin infiltration, dental caries’, ‘resin infiltration, carious lesions’, ‘resin infiltration, caries lesions’, ‘caries infiltration’ and ‘Icon DMG’ with the ‘clinical trial’ filter activated. Results: One hundred and forty articles were reviewed as well as some references of selected articles. Fifty studies described the ability of resin infiltration to arrest non-cavitated caries lesions. Conclusion: Data show this new technique complements existing treatment options for interproximal caries by delaying the time point for a restoration and consequently closing the gap between noninvasive and invasive treatment options. Resin Infiltration of Non-Cavitated Proximal Caries Lesions: A Literature Review Omar Abd El Sadek El Meligy 1,2 *, Shimaa Tag Eldin Ibrahim 1 and Najlaa Mohammed Alamoudi 1 1 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2 Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt countries between 1970 and 1980 due to the use fluoride and fissure sealant [12]. In addition, sealant prevents caries on both occlusal and proximal teeth surfaces [13], but due to the low penetration ability of the resin material, the resin infiltration (RI) material with less viscosity was needed [14] to penetrate to the lesion base, arrest the lesion, providing mechanical support and also improving the aesthetics of the enamel [15]. Infiltration Concept (ICON®) is a relatively new resin product developed in Germany and used in the treatment of incipient lesions [16]. It improves the retention and prevents caries on smooth surfaces, but not pit and fissure surfaces [17]. Resin infiltration is a micro-invasive method that fills the incipient lesion pores via capillary action [18], which blocks further diffusion of the bacteria by creating barriers and stops lesion development, restoring the tooth without anaesthesia and drilling to preserve the natural anatomy of the tooth form [19]. e ICON® infiltrates the lesion, make the bacteria inactive and prevents caries progression [19] compared to the sealant which only work as mechanical barrier between the tooth structure and the oral environment [11].