www.ijird.com April, 2018 Vol 7 Issue 4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DOI No. : 10.24940/ijird/2018/v7/i4/APR18014 Page 22 Evidence of Hypolipidemic and Gastro-Intestinal Histopathological Moderation Effect of Chromolaena Odorata Pretreatmentin Salmonella Typhi Infectedwistar Rats 1. Introduction Studies on the hypoglycemic effects of ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata carried out by Ijeoma, et al., (2014), revealed that this plant extract significantly reduces the serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol and significantly increase HDL-cholesterol, depicting a hypo-lipidaemic, as well as cardio-protective effect of the extract against degenerative diseases. This according to a report by Nwanjo, et al., (2007), was attributed to the presence of saponin fractions. Other studies have also remarked that the lowering of blood cholesterol is associated with the presence of saponins and flavonoids (Ikeyi, et al., 2013) which are reported to be found in Chromolaena odorata extract (Prasad, et al., 2005). In a study to evaluate the acute toxicity in mice and subchronic toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata in rats Ogbonnia et al., (2010) also reported a decrease in the plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL-cholesterol levels as well as an increase HDL-cholesterol levels. In a study to evaluate the serum liver enzyme markers, lipid profile and kidney function parameters, in typhoid patients, Omeh, et al., (2015), reported a significant increase in the concentration of ALT, AST and ALP as well as LDL-Cholesterol, triglycerols, VLDL and a decrease in HDL concentration in typhoid patients when compared with normal individuals and a significant decrease in the concentrations of globulin, total protein and albumin in the test group when compared with the control group. In another study to investigate the effect of salmonella on tissue lipids, Solomon, et al., (2012) reported that Salmonella infection caused dyslipidemia in rats characterized by enhanced hyper- triglyceridemia, cholesterogenesis, and phospholipidosis in plasma, low density lipoprotein-very low-density lipoprotein (LDL-VLDL) in erythrocytes and organs as well as an increase in the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma and erythrocytes.In a study to investigate the Intestinal histopathology of mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium, Zainab (2012), reported hyperplasia of goblet cells as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of atrophic villi. He also reported that observation of the tissues with electron microscope revealed that S. typhimurium lay close to the brush ISSN 2278 – 0211 (Online) Isirima, Joshua Charles Lecturer, Department of Biomedical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria Siminialayi, Iyeopu Minakiri Professor, Department of Pharmacology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by the human restricted bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhi. This study is aimed at investigating the ability of Chromolaena odorata to prevent the dyslipidemic changes and to evaluate the ability of the plant to reverse the Gastro-intestinal histopathological changes induced by Salmonella typhi in Wistar Rats. One hundred and forty-five (145) animals were divided in to two broad groups, A, with sixty (60) animals and B, with eighty-five (85) animals for pre- and post-treatment studies respectively. Animals in the pre-treatment group were administered graded doses (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) of methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata for a period of two weeks before they were exposed to a single infective dose of Salmonella typhiinoculum, while animals in the post treatment group, were inoculated with a single infective dose of Salmonella typhi bacteria and were subsequently treated with the graded doses of methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata and 500mg/70kg dose of ciprofloxacin for a period of fifteen days, when the animals were confirmed infected. The rats were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether as anesthesia and blood was collected from the pretreatment group for lipid profile analysis, while intestinal tissues were collected from the post- treatment group for histopathological examination. Chromolaena odoratapre-treatment prevented the usual dyslipidemia associated with Salmonella typhi infection, while post-treatment reversed the adverse histopathological changes induced by Salmonella typhi in the animals in a dose dependent manner. Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, hypolipidemia, gastro-intestinal histopathology, Salmonella typhi, Wistar Rats