Research Article
EffectofApplePomacePowderAdditiononthePhysicochemical
PropertiesofOilyCakesandRankingSamplesbyDelphi
FuzzyApproach
MaryamSabetGhadam,
1
MohammadRezaSaeediAsl,
1
AkramSharif ,
2
AhmadPedramNia ,
1
andMohammadArmin
3
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
Correspondence should be addressed to Akram Sharif; asharif81@gmail.com
Received 14 September 2022; Revised 22 February 2023; Accepted 3 May 2023; Published 16 May 2023
Academic Editor: Daniel Cozzolino
Copyright©2023MaryamSabetGhadametal.TisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Te current study is aimed to compare the efect of fat and/or wheat-four substitution with apple pomace on the physicochemical
and shelf-life of oily cakes. Te sensory quality of samples was evaluated using the Delphi-Fuzzy logic method. Te oily-cakes
include the following: T
CO
: control; T
W10%
and T
W20%
: four substitution with apple pomace (10 and 20% w/w); T
O10%
and T
O20%
:
fat substitution with apple pomace (10 and 20% w/w); T
W&O(5:5)
and T
W&O(10:10)
: fat and wheat-four substitution with apple
pomace (5 : 5 and 10 :10% w/w). Te lowest and highest protein content were recorded for T
w20%
(10.0 ± 0.12%) and T
O20%
(11.0 ± 0.45%) (p < 0.05). Tere was no signifcant diference between the fat content of control samples with T
W10%
, T
W20%
, and
T
O&W(5:5)
(p > 0.05). T
W20%
exhibited the highest fber content (2.12%) and the lowest caloric (385.0 kcal/100 g) values. Tere was
a signifcant diference between baking loss of T
O10%
(9.87%) and T
O20%
(9.36%) samples with control one (11.6%) (p < 0.05). By
reducing the fat content, smaller and lower porous was observed. Te antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of apple pomace was
not signifcant. Terefore, apple pomace had no signifcant efect on the shelf-life of cakes. Based on defuzzifcation values, the
sensory ranking of samples was as follows: T
CO
(64.4) > T
W20%
(63.9) > T
W&O(5:5)
(63.7) > T
W10%
(63.6) > T
O10%
(60.2) >
T
W&O(10:10)
(60.1) > T
O20%
(58.8). Overall, apple pomace could be considered a cost-efective, sustainable, and healthy alternative
to partial wheat-four. Further research is required to produce reduced-fat cakes. Adding fruit powder along with fat replacers can
be suggested for future studies.
1.Introduction
Plants are considered as valuable natural sources that have
got a great attention in food industry due to their antioxidant
potentials [1]. In food industry, diferent fruits and vege-
tables are processed to produce various value-added prod-
ucts. Tese processes generate a large number of by-products
[2]. However, these by-products are a rich source of valuable
bioactive compounds and dietary fber [3].
Apple pomace is one of the valuable by-products. Te
most frequent disposal method for apple pomace is to
discard it directly into the landfll soil, resulting in serious
environmental pollution and public health issues [4–6].
Terefore, it is necessary to explore safe, cost-efective, and
efcient ways to utilize apple pomace in the food and
nutraceutical industries. Apple pomace not only is a rich
source of various nutrients, it is particularly high in
nondigestible carbohydrates and dietary fbers (around
40%).
Baked products are the most widely consumed food item
in the world. Tus, they can be utilized as a suitable carrier
for dietary fber [3]. Cakes, especially oily ones, are high in
Hindawi
Journal of Food Quality
Volume 2023, Article ID 8111233, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8111233