130 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, October-December 2021, Vol. 12, No. 4 Mother’s Health Seeking Behavior During Childhood illness in Northeast India: Findings of National Family Health Survey 4 (2015-16) Jatin Phukan 1 , Bipin Gogoi 2 1 Ph.D. Scholar, 2 Professor, Department of Statistics, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India Abstract The latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) report reflects the current health condition of the country and its states as well as.Based on these findings this review carried out to highlight the mother’s health seeking behaviours during childhood illness for the North-eastern states of India along with existing health programs catering to maternal and child health.Overall 60 percent of the children aged under five (U-5) were received any advice or treatment for Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) from a health provider in Northeast India. Nearly 20 percent of the children with fever were given antibiotic drug and only 1 percent of them were given antimalarial drug. Meghalaya is the only North-eastern state were the maximum incidence (12%) of diarrhoea has been observed while least was seen in Sikkim (2%). The lack of basic amenities is directly or indirectly responsible for the high burden of childhood morbidities in this region. Also, poor and unequal distribution of maternal health seeking behaviours for their children were observed to all the North-eastern states of India. A huge proportion of children are still lagging behind from the adequate advices or treatments due to various reasons like, poor quality of care and the lake of government health facility in the area, health personnel were often absent from government health facilities and the major problem was the distance to a health facility specially in rural areas. Key-words: Children U-5, Childhood illness, Health programs, Northeast India. Introduction Despite the economic success over the last two decades, India failed to achieve its millennium development goal targets for child mortality 1 . Globally, one in five deaths in children under the age of 5 yearsoccurs in India 2 . Preschool child population constitute approximately 15 percent of the county’s total population and are the most vulnerable group suffers from highest morbidity 3 . Most of the Indian children are affected by various common and easily preventable illness. Infectious diseases like ARI, fever, diarrhoea, malaria and whooping cough have been found to be the leading cause of morbidity and premature death especially in developing countries 4-5 .It has been estimated thatthe mortality among children are mostly caused by respiratory infections 6.9%, malaria fever 2.2% and other childhood illness 2.0% 6 . Thus, this review has been made to highlight the mother’s health seeking behaviours during childhood illness base on the current National Family Health Survey (NFHS) report in North-eastern states of India along with existing health programs that catering to maternal and child health. This region comprises eight small states, namely, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. The latest NFHS report shows a little variation across states in all the indicators. While some of the states performing well in some of the indicators, a couple of states show completely deteriorated picture. Material and Methods Analysis of data in this study is based on 37,167 Northeastern children included in the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted during 2015-16. This study considered only children