TYPE Methods
PUBLISHED 26 January 2023
DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1059332
OPEN ACCESS
EDITED BY
Monica Tarcea,
George Emil Palade University of Medicine,
Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu
Mure¸s, Romania
REVIEWED BY
Corina-Aurelia Zugravu,
Carol Davila University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, Romania
Florin Dumitru Petrariu,
Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, Romania
*CORRESPONDENCE
Madan Godbole
madangodbole@yahoo.co.in
SPECIALTY SECTION
This article was submitted to
Nutrition Methodology,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Nutrition
RECEIVED 01 October 2022
ACCEPTED 03 January 2023
PUBLISHED 26 January 2023
CITATION
Godbole U, Gupta D, Godbole N and
Godbole M (2023) Field-friendly MUNNG
R
optima simple test kit for quick qualitative
assessment of iodine and iron presence
in double-fortified salt.
Front. Nutr. 10:1059332.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1059332
COPYRIGHT
© 2023 Godbole, Gupta, Godbole and Godbole.
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Field-friendly MUNNG
R
optima
simple test kit for quick qualitative
assessment of iodine and iron
presence in double-fortified salt
Ujwala Godbole
1
, Divya Gupta
1
, Nachiket Godbole
2
and
Madan Godbole
3
*
1
Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India,
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centre, Oklahoma City,
OK, United States,
3
Food and Micronutrient Analysis Laboratory, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Background: Data from several efficacy studies and a long-term effectiveness study
have encouraged the governments to adopt a policy of providing double-fortified
salt (DFS) in the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) programs in government schools across India.
These envisaged food security events are likely to boost the manufacturing of DFS in
a big way. Thus, it becomes pertinent to come up with a robust monitoring system
involving community and field workers for quality checks. It is imperative to equip
these field workers with simple testing kits (STKs) capable of qualitative detection of
iron and iodine in DFS. As the consumer acceptance of foods is based on several
factors including sensory characteristics, performance, convenience, cost, nutrition,
and product image, a variety of iron compounds are in use for fortification. However,
it becomes challenging to provide a kit that can overcome the chemical masking of
iodine detection by iron compounds.
Objectives: We aimed at (1) the development of a field-friendly STK for quick
qualitative assessment of iodine and various forms of iron present in DFS, (2) to check
its validity under field conditions.
Methods: We put in place reagents combined using known chemical reactions
and balanced use of oxidants to overcome the problems of encapsulation and to
maximize the use, by enabling reagent combination to react with all forms of iron.
Results: The kit reagents successfully detect iodine as well as three commonly used
iron fortificants in DFS. Published field trials confirmed the specificity and sensitivity
of the developed kit. The simplicity and use of the kit by a field worker can be seen
in the enclosed video.
Conclusion: The combination of improvised kit reagents allows early detection
of iron and iodine in DFS. Iron is detected in a variety of iron-containing
fortifications. The provision of diluted H
2
O
2
ensures the presence of oxygen-free
radicals that enhances iodine release captured by concentrated KI making iodine
detection an easy task.
KEYWORDS
field friendly, rapid testing kit, iodine, iron, detection, double fortified salt
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