Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences
ISSN (Print): 2289-4659; e-ISSN: 2231-8380
Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 4704-4717, March 2019
© Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.25.0395
4704
Design and parametric characterization of flexure bearing as automotive valve spring
replacement
M. Razali Hanipah
1,2
, Shahin Mansor
1
, M.R.M Akramin
3
and Akhtar Razul Razali
1,4
1
Automotive Engineering Research Group (AERG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
*
Email: mohdrazali@ump.edu.my
2
Automotive Engineering Centre (AEC), Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
3
Structural Materials and Degradation Group (SMDG),
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
4
Manufacturing Focus Group (MFG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
ABSTRACT
Automotive valve springs occupy substantial space in the cylinder head of an internal
combustion engine and contribute to frictional loss. In this paper, the design and analyses of
a flat spring concept, known as flexure bearing are presented. Flexure bearing act like a
typical spring which support the shaft but only allow axial displacement, thus reduce the
friction of the system. The objective of the research is to design and conduct parametric
characterization of flexure bearing for valve spring replacement in a small internal
combustion engine. The analyses of flexure bearing strength for different designs, materials
and thicknesses were conducted using finite element method. The results show that the
maximum stress values are less affected by the material type compared to the number of arms
despite a significant difference in young modulus values. The strain values are limited to less
than 1% for all materials when the thickness is more than 1mm. The results have provided
characteristics for future selection of the flexure bearing in relation to the intended axial
displacement.
Keywords: Flexure Bearing; Finite Element; Design
INTRODUCTION
A recent successful trend in passenger vehicles improvement involved fuel economy
improvement through start-stop technology [1, 2]. An aggressive approach to reduce fuel
consumptions is by improving internal combustion engine efficiency. Valvetrain components
design are essential towards an efficient internal combustion engine. One of the component
is valve springs, whose stiffness, dimensions and mass are critical for engine operation [3,
4]. In addition, poorly designed valve springs could cause abnormal vibration and hence,
noise [5]. Flexure bearing is metal disc with slots cutting that permit flexing in the axial
direction while ensuring a higher radial stiffness. Mostly, flexure bearing is used to support