Summary Group C Streptococci comprises of Streptococcus dysgalatiae that is further divided into two subspecies, namely S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae is mainly an animal pathogen but few cases of human infections have been described in the literature. A 40 year old patient presented to the hospital with complaints of pain in pelvis and suprapubic area. Urine sample of the patient was subjected to microscopy and culture for isolation and identification of the etiological agent. S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae was identified from the clinical specimen of the patient by conventional and automated methods. The patient was successfully treated with third generation cephalosporin. With newer or rarely reported pathogens causing human diseases and increase in number of immunocompromised individuals in the population, the pathogenic potential of such isolates should not be undermined and a careful correlation with the clinical profile should help guide a clinician in optimum treatment of the patient. Introduction Group C Streptococci comprises of Streptococcus dysgalatiae that is further divided into two subspecies, namely S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) (1). SDSE exhibits distinct Lancefield group antigens C and G whereas SDSD exhibits antigen C and L (2). SDSD is mainly a pathogen of animals but human infections have been reported on rare occasions in the literature. A literature search on PubMed using the search term “((Streptococcus dysgalactiae) AND (subspecies dysgalactiae)) NOT (subspecies equisimilis)” helped us identify five reports of SDSD infections in humans (1-5). Here, we present a rare case of a patient that was diagnosed with SDSD urinary tract infection (UTI) and treated for the same at our hospital. Case description A 40-years-old female visited the out patient department of our tertiary care center with complaints of pain in pelvic and suprapubic region, over the past few weeks, which was insidious in onset, not associated with vaginal discharge. The patient also experienced occasional episodes of pain in abdomen. Her menstrual history was insignificant and ruled out pregnancy. The patient was married, having kids and had no history of contact with multiple partners. There was no past medical history or history of instrumentation or surgical intervention. On examination, the patient reported slight tenderness in the suprapubic area but there was no guarding or rigidity in the abdomen. No organomegaly was detected upon physical examination. Her body temperature was 38.3°C, total leucocyte count was elevated (17300/µL). The radiological investigations included Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen and X-ray of the pelvis and lumbar spine. While the x-rays were normal, there was evidence of hepatomegaly with coarsened texture of liver parenchyma and periportal echogenicity around the left portal vein. Kidneys and urinary tract showed no abnormality on USG. Liver function tests were Correspondence: Vibhor Tak, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India. Tel.: +91.8003991307. E-mail: vibhor_tak@yahoo.com Key words: Urinary tract infection, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Group C Streptococci, zoonotic disease. Contributions: V.T. and Y.B. were involved in conception and design. Y.B., V.T. and V.L.N. conducted the work and analyzed the data. Y.B. prepared the first draft of the manuscript. V.T. and V.L.N. reviewed and made corrections to the manuscript. All authors have read, approved the final draft and account for all aspect of the work. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: None. Ethical considerations: Informed consent was taken from the patient regarding the use of anonymised data for publishing that does not iden- tify the patient. The study conforms to ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human subjects as given by the Central Ethics Committee on Human Research (CECHR) of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi in 2006 and as given in the ‘Declaration of Helsinki’ 1975 as revised in 2013. Received for publication: 12 June 2020. Revision received: 18 August 2020. Accepted for publication: 19 September 2020. © Copyright: the Author(s), 2020 Licensee PAGEPress, Italy Microbiologia Medica 2020; 35:9176 doi:10.4081/mm.2020.9176 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (by-nc 4.0) which permits any non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid- ed the original author(s) and source are credited. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae as a cause of urinary tract infection in a diabetic woman: A case report and review of literature Yashik Bansal, Vibhor Tak, Vijaya Lakshmi Nag Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [page 42] [Microbiologia Medica 2020; 35:9176] Microbiologia Medica 2020; volume 35:9176 Non-commercial use only